Molybdenum metabolism: Stable isotope studies in infancy

Sievers, Erika; Dörner, Klaus; Garbe‐Schönberg, Dieter; Schaub, J.

doi:10.1016/s0946-672x(01)80065-1

Cited by 21 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…Black tea has been shown to considerably reduce molybdenum absorption upon ingestion of relatively high amounts of molybdenum (0.5-1 mg as a single dose of stable isotope) (Giussani et al, 2006;Giussani et al, 2007). In ten premature infants, absorption of the stable isotope 100 Mo from infant formula was 97.5 % (96.3-99.1 %) after receiving 25 µg molybdenum/kg body weight (Sievers et al, 2001). …”

Section: Intestinal Absorptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Scientific Opinion on Dietary Reference Values for molybdenum

Products¹

2013

EFSA Journal

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Following a request from the European Commission, the Panel on Dietetic Products, Nutrition and Allergies (NDA) derived Dietary Reference Values (DRVs) for molybdenum. Molybdenum is efficiently and rapidly absorbed at a wide range of intakes, and the body is able to maintain homeostasis through the regulation of excretion via the urine. Molybdenum deficiency in otherwise healthy humans has not been observed and there are no biomarkers of molybdenum status. Various metabolic balance studies have been performed to establish molybdenum requirements. However, only one balance study, which was performed with a constant diet and under controlled conditions in adult men, was considered to be of sufficient duration. In this small study, balance was reported to be near zero when molybdenum intakes were 22 µg/day. Biochemical changes or symptoms suggestive of molybdenum deficiency were not observed, and it is possible that humans may be able to achieve molybdenum balance at even lower intakes. Data on molybdenum intakes and health outcomes were unavailable for the setting of DRVs for molybdenum. As the evidence required to derive an Average Requirement and a Population Reference Intake was considered insufficient, an Adequate Intake (AI) is proposed. Observed molybdenum intakes from mixed diets in Europe were taken into consideration in setting this value. An AI of 65 µg/day is proposed for adults; a figure that is based on molybdenum intakes at the lower end of the wide range of observed intakes. It is suggested that the adult AI also applies to pregnant and lactating women. An AI is also proposed for infants from seven months and for children based on extrapolation from the adult AI using isometric scaling and the reference body weights of the respective age groups. Molybdenum is an essential component of certain enzymes that catalyse redox reactions and contain, in addition to molybdenum, other prosthetic groups such as flavin adenine dinucleotide or haem. In humans, sulphite oxidase, xanthine oxidoreductase, aldehyde oxidase and mitochondrial amidoxime reducing component require molybdenum linked with a pterin (molybdopterin) as the cofactor. These enzymes are involved in the metabolism of aromatic aldehydes and the catabolism of sulphurcontaining amino acids and heterocyclic compounds, including purines, pyrimidines, pteridins and pyridines. © EuropeanIn humans, a single case report of a syndrome suggestive of dietary molybdenum deficiency in a patient on total parenteral nutrition for several months has been reported, but clinical signs of molybdenum deficiency in otherwise healthy humans have not been observed. A distinct molybdenum deficiency syndrome has not been observed in animals when subjected to molybdenum restriction, despite considerable reduction in the activity of molybdoenzymes.Water-soluble molybdates are efficiently and rapidly absorbed from the digestive tract at a wide range of intakes, and the body is able to adapt to this wide intake range by regulating excretion via the urine. Storage of ...

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Section: Intestinal Absorptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Scientific Opinion on Dietary Reference Values for molybdenum

Products¹

2013

EFSA Journal

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“…Absorption of Mo has been shown to be as high as 75% to 97% [4,[6][7][8], even in premature infants [9]. Despite high levels of absorption, Mo does not bioaccumulate in tissues, and physiological levels decrease rapidly during low dietary intake [4].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Liver and kidney are the primary short-term storage sites of Mo, while lungs, brain, muscles, and blood store less significant amounts [5]. Mo tissue levels are not regulated by intestinal absorption [6]. The mineral is absorbed and rapidly cleared within hours or days through urinary excretion of molybdate [10], effectively maintaining Mo homeostasis [6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molybdenum Content of Canadian and US Infant Formulas

Abramovich

Miller

Yang

et al. 2011

Biol Trace Elem Res

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Molybdenum is an essential trace nutrient in the human diet. Our purpose was to provide a comprehensive analysis of Mo content of various types of powdered infant formulas across Canada and the USA. All infant formulas, available on the day of sampling, were purchased from random supermarkets in Grand Forks, ND, USA; San Diego, CA, USA; Washington, DC, USA; and Winnipeg, MB, Canada. Reference powdered milk, human milk (HM), and formula samples were weighed and acid-digested prior to analysis by graphite furnace atomic absorption spectroscopy. Mo content in all formulas ranged from 15.4 to 80.3 μg/L (mean±SE, 37.7±1.7 μg/L). HM Mo concentration ranged from 1.5 to 9.5 μg/L (5.09±0.81 μg/L). Formulas intended for full-term or for premature infants feeding contained, on average, more Mo than HM. Formulas intended for infants with special needs contained similar mean Mo levels to HM. No significant differences were detected between mean Mo values of formulas of a same type purchased from different brands and/or at different locations. High Mo intake may pose health risks, despite lower bioavailability of Mo from formula compared with HM.

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“…1, 2). This is comparable to the total Mo supply by breast milk, containing 0.016 lmol/l [19]. Mo retention of the premature infants was determined by urinary [8] and a substantial part of the results were still negative under an increased Mo intake by parenteral and enteral nutrition.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 58%

“…Using 100 Mo as an extrinsic label of formula, it has been shown that the absorption exceeds 90% of the intake in infancy [19]. Increased Mo retention and plasma concentrations, compared to healthy breast-fed infants, were observed in infants with phenylketonuria fed a Mo supplemented formula [18].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%