Molten salts synthesis of tin dioxide/nitrogen-doped carbon composite as Pt catalyst support for methanol electro-oxidation

Wei, Jiadi; Guo, Qingjun; Li, Xingwei; Li, Bing

doi:10.1007/s10853-015-9042-9

Cited by 2 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 46 publications

(45 reference statements)

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“…Molten salts have many desirable properties, including good electrical conductivity, high thermal stability, low viscosity, low vapour pressure, and nonflammability. 1,2 As electrolytes, molten salts are used in electrolytic cells for (i) electrodeposition, electro-oxidation, electro-deoxidation, and electrosynthesis; [3][4][5][6][7] (ii) thermally activated batteries (thermal batteries), which are primarily used for military applications; 8 and (iii) prototype liquid metal batteries for low-cost and low-temperature grid-scale electricity storage. 9,10 Although the past few decades have shown more research interest in ionic liquids (organic salts which melt below 100 • C) rather than traditional molten salts, Johnson 11,12 has pointed out that ionic liquids have structural and conductivity issues that might be best explored by readdressing similar issues with classical molten salts, which ionise as atomic or molecular ions, show a wide range of conductivity values (10 −8 -10 1 Ω −1 cm −1 ), and hence open a broader window to explore different conductivity mechanisms.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The origin of the conductivity maximum in molten salts. II. SnCl2 and HgBr2

Aravindakshan

Kuntz

Gemmell

et al. 2016

The Journal of Chemical Physics

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The phenomenon of electrical conductivity maxima of molten salts versus temperature during orthobaric (closed-vessel) conditions is further examined via ab initio simulations. Previously, in a study of molten BiCl3, a new theory was offered in which the conductivity falloff at high temperatures is due not to traditional ion association, but to a rise in the activation energy for atomic ions hopping from counterion to counterion. Here this theory is further tested on two more inorganic melts which exhibit conductivity maxima: another high-conducting melt (SnCl2, σmax = 2.81 Ω(-1) cm(-1)) and a low-conducting one (HgBr2, σmax = 4.06 × 10(-4) Ω(-1) cm(-1)). First, ab initio molecular dynamics simulations were performed and again appear successful in reproducing the maxima for both these liquids. Second, analysis of the simulated liquid structure (radial distributions, species concentrations) was performed. In the HgBr2 case, a very molecular liquid like water, a clear Grotthuss chain of bromide transfers was observed in simulation when seeding the system with a HgBr(+) cation and HgBr3 (-) anion. The first conclusion is that the hopping mechanism offered for molten BiCl3 is simply the Grotthuss mechanism for conduction, applicable not just to H(+) ions, but also to halide ions in post-transition-metal halide melts. Second, it is conjectured that the conductivity maximum is due to rising activation energy in network-covalent (halide-bridging) melts (BiCl3, SnCl2, PbCl2), but possibly a falling Arrhenius prefactor (collision frequency) for molecular melts (HgBr2).

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