Molten salt/liquid metal extraction: Electrochemical behaviors and thermodynamics properties of La, Pr, U and separation factors of La/U and Pr/U couples in liquid gallium cathode

Xu, Hengbin; Zhang, Wei; Wang, Changshui; Yang, Mingshuai; Yan, Taihong; Yan, Yongde; Zhang, Milin

doi:10.1016/j.apradiso.2022.110149

Cited by 8 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…Theoretically, the standard reduction potentials of La(III) and Li(I) are very close, and the standard reduction potentials of La(III) should be positive for Li(I). 38 In order to further verify the attribution of the A/A′ signal, the LiF-CaF 2 electrolyte was prepared according to the molar ratio of LiF:CaF 2 in the LaF 3 (80 wt %)-LiF-CaF 2 electrolyte, and CV experiments were carried out under the same conditions. In the red solid curve of Figure 2a, there is only one redox signal a/a' which is related to the redox of metal Li, while the deposition potential II of metal Li occurs roughly at −2.06 V. 39 It can be clearly seen that there is a significant difference between the deposition potential in the black dotted curve and the red solid curve.…”

Section: ■ Results and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It can be observed that there is a significant electrochemical signal A / A ′ under the potential window of −2.2–0.1 V, and the corresponding deposition potential I appears at 1.83 V. According to the literature, the standard reduction potentials of Li(I) and La(III) calculated based on the database in Outotec HSC Chemistry 6.0 were reported. Theoretically, the standard reduction potentials of La(III) and Li(I) are very close, and the standard reduction potentials of La(III) should be positive for Li(I) . In order to further verify the attribution of the A / A ′ signal, the LiF-CaF 2 electrolyte was prepared according to the molar ratio of LiF:CaF 2 in the LaF 3 (80 wt %)-LiF-CaF 2 electrolyte, and CV experiments were carried out under the same conditions.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Electrochemical Behavior and Preparation of La–Ni Alloy in LaF₃–LiF-CaF₂-La₂O₃ Molten Salt on Nickel Electrode

Pan,

Yan,

Deng

et al. 2024

J. Phys. Chem. C

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Electrolyte is considered to be one of the key factors affecting electrolysis in the rare earth and their alloys industry. Generally, the fluoride system is chosen as the electrolyte for industrial production. However, the molten salt electrolysis method for fluoride-oxide systems is not well understood and has not been systematically studied at this stage. In order to supplement this part, lanthanum (La) ions have been chosen as the research object in this paper to systematically investigate the preparation of La−Ni alloy from LaF 3 −LiF-CaF 2 −La 2 O 3 molten salt. A series of electrochemical methods were used to investigate the mechanism and kinetic properties of La(III) reduction on W and Ni electrodes. The electrochemical reduction properties and kinetic parameters of La were obtained. La−Ni alloy was prepared by potentiostatic electrolysis, and it was verified by detailed analysis through characterization methods. On this basis, LaNi 5 intermetallic compound was successfully prepared on Ni electrode. This study provides valuable theoretical guidance for the development of La alloy preparation with fluoride salt systems in industry.

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Section: ■ Results and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electrochemical Behavior and Preparation of La–Ni Alloy in LaF₃–LiF-CaF₂-La₂O₃ Molten Salt on Nickel Electrode

Pan,

Yan,

Deng

et al. 2024

J. Phys. Chem. C

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“…The U/La separation factor in a "chloride melt-gallium alloy" system can be as high as 10 5 at 1000 K [2]. Recent studies estimated the uranium/lanthanum separation factor in "LiCl-KCl eutectic melt-liquid gallium" systems at 2.72 × 10 5 [3] or 1.16 × 10 5 [4] (both estimates were made for 723 K).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Solubility of Lanthanum in Liquid Alloys with Gallium and Indium

Dedyukhin,

Shchetinskiy,

Volkovich

et al. 2023

Alloys

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The solubility of lanthanum in indium and Ga–In alloys containing 21.8, 40 and 70 wt. % In was determined experimentally at temperatures up to 1081 K. The low temperature limit depended on the melting point of the alloy. The solubility was measured using isothermal saturation and high-temperature filtration methods. The phase composition of solid intermetallic compounds formed in the ternary La–Ga–In systems of various compositions was determined by X-ray diffraction. Activity coefficients of lanthanum in the alloys based on gallium, indium and three Ga–In mixtures (21.8, 40 and 70 wt. % In) were calculated. Temperature dependencies of thermodynamically possible separation factors for the uranium/lanthanum couple in “LiCl–KCl–CsCl melt–liquid alloy” systems were derived for various gallium–indium alloys.

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“…Electrolysis is more commonly considered approach, and the working medium (liquid metal or alloy) in this case makes an electrode. One of the preferred liquid metal electrodes is gallium or a gallium-based alloy [14,15]. Developing a feasible reprocessing technology requires comprehensive and reliable information about the electrochemical properties of all elements involved in the process.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anodic dissolution of gallium in alkali metal chloride melts

Tokarev,

Volkovich

2023

Chim.Tech.Acta

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Gallium and gallium based alloys can be potentially used in pyrochemical and pyroelectrochemical reprocessing of spent nuclear fuels, particularly for separating actinides and rare earth fission products. However, the electrochemical behavior of gallium in high temperature molten salt electrolytes is very little studied. The present work was aimed at investigating the processes taking place during anodic dissolution of gallium in fused alkali chlorides (the ternary 6NaCl–9KCl–5CsCl eutectic mixture) and determining the ratio of gallium chloro-species in different oxidation states formed and remained in the melt. The experiments were performed between 550 and 750 °C, and the anodic current density varied from 0.024 to 0.094 A/cm2. Anodic polarization and coulometry were used, and the results obtained demonstrated that two gallium species, Ga(I) and Ga(III), were formed as a result of gallium anodic dissolution. The ratio between these two oxidation states depended on temperature and anodic current density. The method of processing the experimental data and the calculated values of the ratio of gallium ionic forms in the system under various conditions are presented.

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Molten salt/liquid metal extraction: Electrochemical behaviors and thermodynamics properties of La, Pr, U and separation factors of La/U and Pr/U couples in liquid gallium cathode

Cited by 8 publications

References 45 publications

Electrochemical Behavior and Preparation of La–Ni Alloy in LaF₃–LiF-CaF₂-La₂O₃ Molten Salt on Nickel Electrode

Electrochemical Behavior and Preparation of La–Ni Alloy in LaF₃–LiF-CaF₂-La₂O₃ Molten Salt on Nickel Electrode

Solubility of Lanthanum in Liquid Alloys with Gallium and Indium

Anodic dissolution of gallium in alkali metal chloride melts

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Molten salt/liquid metal extraction: Electrochemical behaviors and thermodynamics properties of La, Pr, U and separation factors of La/U and Pr/U couples in liquid gallium cathode

Cited by 8 publications

References 45 publications

Electrochemical Behavior and Preparation of La–Ni Alloy in LaF3–LiF-CaF2-La2O3 Molten Salt on Nickel Electrode

Electrochemical Behavior and Preparation of La–Ni Alloy in LaF3–LiF-CaF2-La2O3 Molten Salt on Nickel Electrode

Solubility of Lanthanum in Liquid Alloys with Gallium and Indium

Anodic dissolution of gallium in alkali metal chloride melts

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Electrochemical Behavior and Preparation of La–Ni Alloy in LaF₃–LiF-CaF₂-La₂O₃ Molten Salt on Nickel Electrode

Electrochemical Behavior and Preparation of La–Ni Alloy in LaF₃–LiF-CaF₂-La₂O₃ Molten Salt on Nickel Electrode