Molten salt as ultrastrong polar solvent enables the most straightforward pyrolysis towards highly efficient and stable single-atom electrocatalyst

Li, Nannan; Liu, Wei; Zhu, Chao; Hao, Ce; Guo, Jingya; Jing, Hongyu; Hu, Jinwen; Xin, Cuncun; Wu, Danyang; Shi, Yantao

doi:10.1016/j.jechem.2020.06.021

Cited by 11 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…Molten salts (e.g., NaCl, 86–90 ZnCl 2 , 91 KCl, 92 or a combination thereof 93–97 ) are efficient pore‐forming agents. The interplay between the melting temperature ( T melt ) of molten salts and the decomposition temperature of organic precursors is the key to the modulation of the porosity of the resulting carbon products.…”

Section: Improving Site Densities Of Fen 4 Sites In Fe‐n‐c Materialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Engineering local coordination environments and site densities for high‐performance Fe‐N‐C oxygen reduction reaction electrocatalysis

et al. 2021

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Fe‐N‐C catalysts represent very promising cathode catalysts for polymer electrolyte fuel cells, owing to their outstanding activity for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR), especially in alkaline media. In this review, we summarize recent advances in the design and synthesis of Fe‐N‐C catalysts rich in highly dispersed FeN x active sites. Special emphasis is placed on emerging strategies for tuning the electronic structure of the Fe atoms to enhance the ORR activity, and also maximizing the surface concentration of FeN x sites that are catalytically accessible during ORR. While great progress has been made over the past 5 years in the development of Fe‐N‐C catalyst for ORR, significant technical obstacles still need to be overcome to enable the large‐scale application of Fe‐N‐C materials as cathode catalysts in real‐world fuel cells.

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Section: Improving Site Densities Of Fen 4 Sites In Fe‐n‐c Materialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Engineering local coordination environments and site densities for high‐performance Fe‐N‐C oxygen reduction reaction electrocatalysis

et al. 2021

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“…In the molten salt method, one or more salts with low melting points are usually used as the reaction medium and the reactant needs to have a certain solubility in the molten salts, making the reaction occur at the atomic level. 212–214 Xiao et al have developed a controlled molten salt method to fabricate Ni SAs/TiO 2 for the photocatalytic HER and the corresponding synthesis procedures are shown in Fig. 13a.…”

Section: Fundamental Understanding Of the Roles Of Sacs In Photocatal...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Very recently, Li et al have fabricated nitrogen-doped carbon-supported Fe SAs (Fe–N/C-SAC) as electrocatalysts for the ORR by molten-salt-assisted pyrolysis. 212 As shown in Fig. 13b, Fe–N/C-SAC was synthesized by pyrolyzing a mixture of KCl/ZnCl 2 using an ultrastrong polar solvent, 1-butyl-3-methyl imidazolium bromide, as a carbon/nitrogen source and FeCl 3 as a metal precursor in N 2 at 850 °C, which was higher than that of Ni SAs/TiO 2 prepared by the same method.…”

Section: Fundamental Understanding Of the Roles Of Sacs In Photocatal...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In addition to the above-mentioned fabrication methods for SACs, some other methods such as template-based routes, surface organometallic chemistry (SOMC) methods and molten salt methods have also been reported for the preparation of SACs although the reports are limited. [208][209][210][211][212][213][214] For instance, Lin et al have employed SiO 2 as a hard template to incorporate Pt SAs into the bulk porous NiO nanocubes by Pt doping through a nanocasting approach with schematic representations shown in Fig. 11a.…”

Section: Unique Fabrication Routes Of Sacs For Photocatalytic and Pho...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the molten salt method, one or more salts with low melting points are usually used as the reaction medium and the reactant needs to have a certain solubility in the molten salts, making the reaction occur at the atomic level. 212 As shown in Fig. 13b, Fe-N/C-SAC was synthesized by pyrolyzing a mixture of KCl/ZnCl 2 using an ultrastrong polar solvent, 1-butyl-3-methyl imidazolium bromide, as a carbon/nitrogen source and FeCl 3 as a metal precursor in N 2 at 850 C, which was higher than that of Ni SAs/ TiO 2 prepared by the same method.…”

Section: Unique Fabrication Routes Of Sacs For Photocatalytic and Pho...mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Single-atom catalysts for high-efficiency photocatalytic and photoelectrochemical water splitting: distinctive roles, unique fabrication methods and specific design strategies

Liu

Ran

et al. 2022

J. Mater. Chem. A

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Boosting the Acidic Oxygen Reduction Activity of p‐Block Single‐Atomic Catalyst via p–p Orbital Coupling and Pore Engineering

Wang

Zhao

et al. 2023

Small Structures

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Atomically dispersed main group element single‐atom catalysts (SACs) have recently attracted increasing attention in electrocatalysis. However, their performances in acidic oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) remain unsatisfactory owing to the suboptimal coordination environment, limited mass transfer, and active site exposure. Herein, a series of p‐block Sn SACs with hierarchical pore structures are prepared by a dual melting salt‐mediated soft template method. By deliberately regulating the pore structures, highly exposed Sn active sites with N/O coordination are obtained, which endow SnN3O‐50 with exceptional ORR performances, especially in acidic medium. The half‐wave potential of SnN3O‐50 is up to 0.816 V, with a loss of only 15 mV after 10 000 potential cycles. Furthermore, the peak power densities of the fuel cell and zinc–air battery assembled using SnN3O‐50 as cathodes reach 502 and 173.5 mW cm−2, respectively, demonstrating great potential for practical applications. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations reveal that the N/O coordination of Sn induces localization of 5p electrons, which leads to strong coupling with the p orbit of O2. Meanwhile, the presence of defects synergistically regulates the adsorption of reaction intermediates, thereby optimizing the free energy of the four successive ORR steps.

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Molten salt as ultrastrong polar solvent enables the most straightforward pyrolysis towards highly efficient and stable single-atom electrocatalyst

Cited by 11 publications

References 37 publications

Engineering local coordination environments and site densities for high‐performance Fe‐N‐C oxygen reduction reaction electrocatalysis

Engineering local coordination environments and site densities for high‐performance Fe‐N‐C oxygen reduction reaction electrocatalysis

Single-atom catalysts for high-efficiency photocatalytic and photoelectrochemical water splitting: distinctive roles, unique fabrication methods and specific design strategies

Boosting the Acidic Oxygen Reduction Activity of p‐Block Single‐Atomic Catalyst via p–p Orbital Coupling and Pore Engineering

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