Molten Composition B Viscosity at Elevated Temperature

Zerkle, David K.; Núñez, M.; Zucker, Jonathan

doi:10.1080/07370652.2015.1102179

Cited by 11 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…Recently developed constitutive equations suggest that an increase of the solid volume fraction by only 10% can increase the Comp B-3 viscosity by severalfold. 6,75 Our Comp B-3 heat capacity results, along with experimental data from Baytos, 63 are shown in Figure 10. We calculate the constant-pressure molar heat capacity c P from the following equation, which is essentially a multiphase, multicomponent extension of (17):…”

Section: ∑ ∑mentioning

confidence: 95%

“…The mole fraction of the RDX-rich solid from Figure a is included for comparison. The volume fraction of this phase when Comp B-3 exists as a liquid–solid mixture (this occurs when the temperature is between 351.45 and 451.3 K) is important because it can strongly affect the Comp B-3 viscosity. , …”

Section: Mixturesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The volume fraction of the RDX-rich solid is particularly important when Comp B-3 is partially molten (exists as a liquid–solid mixture) because it can strongly influence the viscosity. Recently developed constitutive equations suggest that an increase of the solid volume fraction by only 10% can increase the Comp B-3 viscosity by severalfold. , …”

Section: Mixturesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Application of the Peng–Robinson Equation of State to Energetic Materials RDX and TNT: Pure Components, Liquid Mixtures, and Solid Mixtures

Myint

McClelland

Nichols

2016

Ind. Eng. Chem. Res.

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Energetic materials are substances that can undergo rapid, exothermic reactions when subjected to an external stimulus, such as heating. In this work, we show that the well-known Peng−Robinson equation of state can be applied to energetic materials, whether they are pure components, liquid mixtures, or solid mixtures. We are specifically interested in two energetic materials: hexahydro-1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazine (RDX) and 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT). We model RDX and TNT in both their liquid and solid phases, as well liquid and solid mixtures of the two compounds. Our work examines temperatures and pressures as high as about 500 K and 2500 bar, respectively. The Peng−Robinson equation of state provides a good representation of experimental volumetric (e.g., density and bulk modulus), thermal (heat capacity), and phase behavior (melting temperature and solubility) data. It can be applied to other energetic materialsranging in complexity from pure components to multiphase, multicomponent mixturesby adapting the procedures described in this study.

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Section: ∑ ∑mentioning

confidence: 95%

Section: Mixturesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Mixturesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Application of the Peng–Robinson Equation of State to Energetic Materials RDX and TNT: Pure Components, Liquid Mixtures, and Solid Mixtures

Myint

McClelland

Nichols

2016

Ind. Eng. Chem. Res.

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“…The rheological behavior of melt-cast explosives has been explored to some extent in previous work, especially for trinitrotoluene-based (TNT-based) melt-cast explosives. The general qualitative law for the rheological behavior of TNT-based melt-cast explosives can be summarized as follows: (1) Molten TNT is similar to a Newtonian fluid [1][2][3], whereas TNT-based melt-cast explosive suspensions are generally shear-thinning (non-Newtonian) fluids [4][5][6]. (2) The viscosity of the suspensions increases with increasing solid content [4,[7][8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rheological Behavior of DNAN/HMX Melt‐Cast Explosives

Zhu

Zhou

Zhang

2019

Propellants Explo Pyrotec

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Understanding the rheological behavior of meltcast explosives is critical for manufacturing melt-cast explosive charges. The research presented herein systematically investigates the rheological behavior of 2,4-dinitroanisole/tetramethylenetetranitra-mine (DNAN/HMX) melt-cast explosive suspensions. The rheological characteristics were measured using a Haake Mars III rheometer. In general, the DNAN/HMX melt-cast explosive suspensions underwent shear-thinning (pseudoplastic) and were strongly affected by solid content, particle size (unimodal distribution), particle gradation (bimodal or multimodal distribution), particle morphology, temperature, and chemical additives. The subsequent measurements and analysis provide important contextual information for designing formulations of DNAN/HMX melt-cast explosives.

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“…Viscosity sensing methods can be categorised into offline and online methods. Popular offline methods include capillary viscometry [7,8] and falling ball viscometry [9][10][11][12] . Although the offline methods are easy to apply, the measurement accuracy depends on manual operation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A novel design of flow structure model for online viscosity measurement

Bie¹,

Guo²,

Song³

et al. 2019

insight

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In industry, viscosity is widely used to assess the level of internal friction in a fluid in order to evaluate lubricant oil performance. Various sensing equipment has been developed to measure viscosity, either offline or online. However, most offline methods weaken the rheological behaviour of the fluid, resulting in inaccurate measurements. Online monitoring can overcome this limitation but viscosity measurements at real-time temperatures still cannot be directly converted to viscosities at the standard temperatures in ISO 3448. Consideration of the effect of temperature in transferring real-time viscosity measurement into the ISO standard presents a challenge. To bridge this research gap, this paper proposes a novel flow structure for online viscosity measurement by considering the effect of temperature. In order to eliminate the friction-heat effect and turbulent flow of the fluid, the structure parameters (such as flow diameter and heat transfer area) of the new viscosity sensing device are optimised by computational fluid dynamics (CFD) analysis using ANSYS/fluent simulations. The optimisation results demonstrate a linear relationship between the outlet, the inlet and the environmental temperatures of the designed flow structure under laminar flow. As a result, the outlet temperature can be controlled to obtain the viscositytemperature characteristics of the lubricant oil using an online approach. In this way, the real-time viscosity measurement can be converted into the ISO standard to achieve effective online viscosity monitoring.

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Molten Composition B Viscosity at Elevated Temperature

Cited by 11 publications

References 21 publications

Application of the Peng–Robinson Equation of State to Energetic Materials RDX and TNT: Pure Components, Liquid Mixtures, and Solid Mixtures

Application of the Peng–Robinson Equation of State to Energetic Materials RDX and TNT: Pure Components, Liquid Mixtures, and Solid Mixtures

Rheological Behavior of DNAN/HMX Melt‐Cast Explosives

A novel design of flow structure model for online viscosity measurement

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