Mollusca: Disseminated Neoplasia in Bivalves and the p53 Protein Family

Muttray, Annette F.; Vassilenko, Katerina

doi:10.1007/978-3-319-76768-0_28

Cited by 7 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 121 publications

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“…We also found neoplastic mussels without evidence of genetic chimerism, suggesting the presence of conventional nontransmissible The MtrBTN2 prevalences found in our study were consistent with DN prevalences previously reported in M. edulis (around 1%, for a review see Carballal et al, 2015;Muttray & Vassilenko, 2018) and M. galloprovincialis mussels (rarer and when detected <1%, for a review see Carballal et al, 2015;Matozzo et al, 2018), but slightly lower than the prevalence of M. trossulus BTN found in Brittany (3.4%, Burioli et al, 2019). It is likely that we missed the very early stages of the disease.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Prevalence and polymorphism of a mussel transmissible cancer in Europe

et al. 2021

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Transmissible cancers are parasitic malignant cell lineages that acquired the ability to infect new hosts from the same species, or sometimes related species. First described in dogs and Tasmanian devils, transmissible cancers were later discovered in some marine bivalves affected by a leukemia-like disease. In Mytilus mussels, two lineages of Bivalve Transmissible Neoplasia (BTN) have been described to date (MtrBTN1 and MtrBTN2), both emerged in a M. trossulus founder individual. Here, we performed an extensive screening of genetic chimerism, a hallmark of transmissible cancer, by genotyping 106 SNPs of 5907 European Mytilus mussels. The genetic analysis allowed us to simultaneously obtain the genotype of hosts -M. edulis, M. galloprovincialis or hybrids -and the genotype of tumors of heavily infected individuals. In addition, a subset of 222 individuals were systematically genotyped and analysed by histology in order to screen for possible non-transmissible cancers. We detected MtrBTN2 at low prevalence in M.edulis, and also in M. galloprovincialis and hybrids although at a much lower prevalence. No MtrBTN1 or new BTN were found, but 8 individuals with non-transmissible neoplasia were observed at a single polluted site on the same sampling date. We observed a diversity of MtrBTN2 genotypes that appeared more introgressed or more ancestral than MtrBTN1 and reference healthy M. trossulus individuals. The observed polymorphism is most likely due to somatic null alleles caused by structural variations or point mutations in primer-binding sites leading to enhanced detection of the host alleles. Despite low prevalence, two sublineages divergent by 10% fixed somatic null alleles and one non-synonymous mtCOI substitution, are co-spreading in the same geographic area, suggesting a complex diversification of MtrBTN2 since its emergence and host species shift.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Prevalence and polymorphism of a mussel transmissible cancer in Europe

et al. 2021

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“…We detected MtrBTN2, a previously described transmissible cancer that originated in a M. trossulus host, but no other transmissible cancers have been found with our screening approach in the inspected area. The MtrBTN2 prevalences found in our study were consistent with DN prevalences previously reported in M. edulis (around 1%, for review see Carballal et al 2015, Muttray et al 2018) and M. galloprovincialis mussels (rarer and when detected <1%, for review see Carballal et al 2015, Matozzo et al 2018, but slightly lower than the prevalence of M. trossulus BTN found in Brittany (3.4%, Burioli et al 2019). It is likely that we missed very early stages of the disease.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Prevalence and polymorphism of a mussel transmissible cancer in Europe

Hammel

Simon

Arbiol

et al. 2021

Preprint

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Transmissible cancers are parasitic malignant cell lineages that acquired the ability to infect new hosts from the same species, or sometimes related species. First described in dogs and Tasmanian devils, transmissible cancers were later discovered in some marine bivalves affected by a leukemia-like disease. In Mytilus mussels, two lineages of Bivalve Transmissible Neoplasia (BTN), both emerged in a M. trossulus founder individual, have been described to date (MtrBTN1 and MtrBTN2). Here, we performed an extensive screening of genetic chimerism, a hallmark of transmissible cancer, by genotyping hundred SNPs of thousands of European Mytilus mussels. The genetic analysis allowed us to simultaneously obtain the genotype of hosts -M. edulis, M. galloprovincialis or hybrids- and the genotype of tumors of heavily infected individuals. In addition, a subset of individuals were systematically genotyped and analysed by histology in order to screen for possible non-transmissible cancers. We detected MtrBTN2 at low prevalence in M. edulis, and also in M. galloprovincialis and hybrids although at a much lower prevalence. No MtrBTN1 or new BTN were found but a few individuals with non-transmissible neoplasia were observed at a single polluted site on the same sampling date. We observed a diversity of MtrBTN2 genotypes that appeared more introgressed or more ancestral than MtrBTN1 and reference healthy M. trossulus individuals. The observed polymorphism is most likely due to somatic null alleles caused by structural variations or point mutations in primer-binding sites leading to enhanced detection of the host alleles. Despite low prevalence, two divergent sublineages, confirmed by mtCOI sequences, are co-spreading in the same geographic area, suggesting a complex diversification of MtrBTN2 since its emergence and host species shift.

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“…p53 is of particular interest when cells experience stressful environmental conditions such as DNA damage, UV light or tumorous growth with p53 activation inducing apoptosis by blocking specific cell cycle pathways [75]. p53 members were identified in several bivalve species in relation to apoptosis and neoplasia [7,[76][77][78]. p53 pathway activation was also found by Ch8 homologue with an intermediate activation of human caspase-3 [29], suggesting that both C. hongkongensis caspases regulate apoptosis via a p53 pathway.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phylogenetic analysis of the caspase family in bivalves: implications for programmed cell death, immune response and development

Vogeler

Carboni

et al. 2021

BMC Genomics

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Background Apoptosis is an important process for an organism’s innate immune system to respond to pathogens, while also allowing for cell differentiation and other essential life functions. Caspases are one of the key protease enzymes involved in the apoptotic process, however there is currently a very limited understanding of bivalve caspase diversity and function. Results In this work, we investigated the presence of caspase homologues using a combination of bioinformatics and phylogenetic analyses. We blasted the Crassostrea gigas genome for caspase homologues and identified 35 potential homologues in the addition to the already cloned 23 bivalve caspases. As such, we present information about the phylogenetic relationship of all identified bivalve caspases in relation to their homology to well-established vertebrate and invertebrate caspases. Our results reveal unexpected novelty and complexity in the bivalve caspase family. Notably, we were unable to identify direct homologues to the initiator caspase-9, a key-caspase in the vertebrate apoptotic pathway, inflammatory caspases (caspase-1, − 4 or − 5) or executioner caspases-3, − 6, − 7. We also explored the fact that bivalves appear to possess several unique homologues to the initiator caspase groups − 2 and − 8. Large expansions of caspase-3 like homologues (caspase-3A-C), caspase-3/7 group and caspase-3/7-like homologues were also identified, suggesting unusual roles of caspases with direct implications for our understanding of immune response in relation to common bivalve diseases. Furthermore, we assessed the gene expression of two initiator (Cg2A, Cg8B) and four executioner caspases (Cg3A, Cg3B, Cg3C, Cg3/7) in C. gigas late-larval development and during metamorphosis, indicating that caspase expression varies across the different developmental stages. Conclusion Our analysis provides the first overview of caspases across different bivalve species with essential new insights into caspase diversity, knowledge that can be used for further investigations into immune response to pathogens or regulation of developmental processes.

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Mollusca: Disseminated Neoplasia in Bivalves and the p53 Protein Family

Cited by 7 publications

References 121 publications

Prevalence and polymorphism of a mussel transmissible cancer in Europe

Prevalence and polymorphism of a mussel transmissible cancer in Europe

Prevalence and polymorphism of a mussel transmissible cancer in Europe

Phylogenetic analysis of the caspase family in bivalves: implications for programmed cell death, immune response and development

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