Mollusc larval shell formation: amorphous calcium carbonate is a precursor phase for aragonite

Weiss, Ingrid M.; Tuross, Noreen; Addadi, Lia; Weiner, Steve

doi:10.1002/jez.90004

Cited by 599 publications

(576 citation statements)

References 25 publications

(6 reference statements)

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“…In this same group (Beniash et al 1997, 1999, Politi et al 2004 and recently in bivalves (Weiss et al 2002, Jacob et al 2011 shown that the initial stages of calcification are intracellular processes: an amorphous calcium carbonate (ACC) precursor phase is formed in vesicles and later exocytosed to be incorporated into the skeleton (see Addadi et al 2006 for a review of current concepts). It is not unlikely that elevated blood bicarbonate concentrations, as encountered during hypercapnia in cuttlefish, increase the rates of import of this substrate for biomineralization into calcifying epithelial cells: ACC formation and calcification in general could be increased this way.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ocean acidification and temperature rise: effects on calcification during early development of the cuttlefish Sepia officinalis

et al. 2012

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Abstract:This study investigated the effects of seawater pH (i.e. 8.10, 7.85 and 7.60) and temperature (16 and 19°C) on (i) the abiotic conditions in the fluid surrounding the embryo (viz. the perivitelline fluid),(ii) growth, development and (iii) cuttlebone calcification of embryonic and juvenile stages of the cephalopod Sepia officinalis. Egg swelling increased in response to acidification or warming, leading to an increase in egg surface while the interactive effects suggested a limited plasticity of the swelling modulation. Embryos experienced elevated pCO 2 conditions in the perivitelline fluid (> 3-fold higher pCO 2 than that of ambient seawater), rendering the medium under-saturated even under ambient conditions. The growth of both embryos and juveniles was unaffected by pH, whereas 45 Ca incorporation in cuttlebone increased significantly with decreasing pH at both temperatures. This phenomenon of hypercalcification is limited to only a number of animals but does not guarantee functional performance and calls for better mechanistic understanding of calcification processes.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ocean acidification and temperature rise: effects on calcification during early development of the cuttlefish Sepia officinalis

et al. 2012

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“…Calcium carbonate (CaCO 3 ) is the most common material in marine shells and can occur in several forms with different chemical and mechanical properties (Weiss et al, 2002). Shell CaCO 3 composites are arranged in layers of varying complexity, each consisting of a different form of CaCO 3 (Falini et al, 1996).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Aragonite and calcite are the two most common CaCO 3 forms (Suzuki and Nagasawa, 2013). Calcite is more structurally diverse and more stable but requires comparatively more time and energy to be produced than aragonite (Weiss et al, 2002). Calcite is also mechanically weaker, and more resistant to corrosive effects of low pH environments than aragonite, typically forming trigonalrhombohedrally shaped crystals, (Weiss et al, 2002).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Long-term exposure to elevated pCO2 more than warming modifies early-life shell growth in a temperate gastropod

Rühl

Calosi

Faulwetter

et al. 2017

ICES Journal of Marine Science

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Long-term exposure to elevated pCO 2 more than warming modifies early-life shell growth in a temperate gastropod. -ICES Journal of Marine Science, doi:10.1093/icesjms/fsw242. Co-occurring global change drivers, such as ocean warming and acidification, can have large impacts on the behaviour, physiology, and health of marine organisms. However, whilst early-life stages are thought to be most sensitive to these impacts, little is known about the individual level processes by which such impacts take place. Here, using mesocosm experiments simulating ocean warming (OW) and ocean acidification (OA) conditions expected for the NE Atlantic region by 2100 using a variety of treatments of elevated pCO 2 and temperature. We investigated their impacts on bio-mineralization, microstructure, and ontogeny of Nucella lapillus (L.) juveniles, a common gastropod predator that exerts important top-down controls on biodiversity patterns in temperate rocky shores. The shell of juveniles hatched in mesocosms during a 14 month long experiment were analysed using micro-CT scanning, 3D geometric morphometrics, and scanning-electron microscopy. Elevated temperature and age determined shell density, length, width, thickness, elemental chemistry, shape, and shell surface damages. However, co-occurring elevated pCO 2 modified the impacts of elevated temperature, in line with expected changes in carbonate chemistry driven by temperature. Young N. lapillus from acidified treatments had weaker shells and were therefore expected to be more vulnerable to predation and environmental pressures such as wave action. However, in some instances, the effects of both higher CO 2 content and elevated temperature appeared to have reversed as the individuals aged. This study suggests that compensatory development may therefore occur, and that expected increases in juvenile mortality under OA and OW may be counteracted, to some degree, by high plasticity in shell formation in this species. This feature may prove advantageous for N. lapillus community dynamics in near-future conditions.

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“…[12,13] For a few years, new dynamic models of nacre formation have been used in attempts to conciliate both biochemical and ultrastructural data. [1] Particular emphasis has been placed on the prominent role played by chitin in spatially structuring the organic framework, [1,14] the distribution of key biochemical functions at the surfaces of nacre tablets, [15] the existence of a transient precursor amorphous phase, [16] and the growth of nacre tablets in a hydrophobic gel, which hardens and becomes insoluble when nacre tablets coalesce. [17] Nacre also constitutes a fascinating model of study from an evolutionary viewpoint.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evolution of Nacre: Biochemistry and Proteomics of the Shell Organic Matrix of the Cephalopod Nautilus macromphalus

Marie¹,

Marin²,

Marie³

et al. 2009

ChemBioChem

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Matrix evolutions: We have biochemically characterized the nacre matrix of the cephalopod Nautilus macromphalus, in part by a proteomic approach applied to the acetic acid‐soluble and ‐insoluble shell matrices, as well as to spots obtained after 2D gel electrophoresis. Strikingly, most of the obtained partial sequences are entirely new, whereas a few correspond only partly with bivalvian nacre proteins. Our findings shed new light on the macroevolution of nacre matrix proteins. magnified imageIn mollusks, one of the most widely studied shell textures is nacre, the lustrous aragonitic layer that constitutes the internal components of the shells of several bivalves, a few gastropods, and one cephalopod: the nautilus. Nacre contains a minor organic fraction, which displays a wide range of functions in relation to the biomineralization process. Here, we have biochemically characterized the nacre matrix of the cephalopod Nautilus macromphalus. The acid‐soluble matrix contains a mixture of polydisperse and discrete proteins and glycoproteins, which interact with the formation of calcite crystals. In addition, a few bind calcium ions. Furthermore, we have used a proteomic approach, which was applied to the acetic acid‐soluble and ‐insoluble shell matrices, as well as to spots obtained after 2D gel electrophoresis. Our data demonstrate that the insoluble and soluble matrices, although different in their bulk monosaccharide and amino acid compositions, contain numerous shared peptides. Strikingly, most of the obtained partial sequences are entirely new. A few only partly match with bivalvian nacre proteins. Our findings have implications for knowledge of the long‐term evolution of molluskan nacre matrices.

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Mollusc larval shell formation: amorphous calcium carbonate is a precursor phase for aragonite

Cited by 599 publications

References 25 publications

Ocean acidification and temperature rise: effects on calcification during early development of the cuttlefish Sepia officinalis

Ocean acidification and temperature rise: effects on calcification during early development of the cuttlefish Sepia officinalis

Long-term exposure to elevated pCO2 more than warming modifies early-life shell growth in a temperate gastropod

Evolution of Nacre: Biochemistry and Proteomics of the Shell Organic Matrix of the Cephalopod Nautilus macromphalus

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