Moler Disease Control in Shallots Using Botanical Pesticides Jengkol Peel Powder and Its Impact on Microbial Biodiversity in Peatlands

Abstract

Chemical pesticides are still used to control Moler disease on shallots. The impact has the potential to kill macro species as well as non-target bacteria. Several prior researches have shown that botanical pesticides can suppress plant-disturbing organisms, but data on their impact on beneficial microbes is still limited. Hence, the impact of applying jengkol peel to control the primary disease of shallots and its impact on non-target organisms in peatlands was investigated in this study. The study was carried out in Landasan Ulin, South Kalimantan, from April to November 2021. Treatments were t0 (negative control), t1 (positive control, fungicide), t2 (0.125 kg/ha jengkol peelpowder), t3 (0.25 kg/ha jengkol peelpowder), and t4 (0.375 kg/ha jengkol peeljengkol peel powder). The parameters observed were the intensity of moler disease, the components of shallot production, species diversity, species richness, the evenness of microbial species, and the dominance index. The results showed that the application of jengko lpeel powder could suppress the attack of moler disease on shallots. Microbial diversity in shallot plantations treated with botanical pesticides and those not treated with botanical pesticides was similar, in the moderate range, as in shallot plantations treated with chemical pesticides. The species richness index, dominance index, and balance index had low-status values. The types of microbes found were Trichoderma sp., Aspergillus sp., Fusarium sp., Mucor sp., Aeromonas sp., Corynebacterium sp., Enterobacter sp. Sphingomonas sp., and Penicillium sp. The microbial population was affected by pesticide application. Plants that were not applied with botanical pesticides or chemical pesticides had fewer microbes. The application of botanical pesticides produced various impacts, the higher the dose, the lower the microbes in the onion rhizosphere.

Pengaruh Aplikasi Eco-enzyme Untuk Menekan Penyakit Moler Pada Tanaman Bawang Merah (Allium ascalonicum L.) Di Lahan Gambut

“…Keberhasilan ecoenzyme menekan serangan moler diduga karena kandungan ada yang befungsi sebagai biopestisida/pestisida nabati. Dugaan ini didukung oleh penelitian Salamiah & Rosa (2022) yang menemukan bahwa intensitas penyakit moler berkurang dengan aplikasi pestisida nabati. Dalam penelitian Vama & Cherekar (2020) juga menyatakan bahwa eco-enzyme dapat digunakan sebagai biopestisida karena mengandung berbagai metabolit, seperti flavonoid, kuinon, saponin, alkaloid dan pestisida lainnya.…”

Novel Perspectives on Food-Based Natural Antimicrobials: A Review of Recent Findings Published since 2020

“…Phytopathogenic fungi play a significant role in plant diseases [ 72 ]. The use of plant-based food waste extracts or powders with antifungal properties as natural biofungicides is being investigated for their potential in disease management [ 73 , 74 , 75 ]. Endophytic microbes have been reported, including the species of Trichoderma sp., Aspergillus sp., Fusarium sp., Mucor sp., Aeromonas sp., Corynebacterium sp., Enterobacter sp., Sphingomonas sp., and Penicillium sp., and Bacillus sp.…”

“…Endophytic microbes have been reported, including the species of Trichoderma sp., Aspergillus sp., Fusarium sp., Mucor sp., Aeromonas sp., Corynebacterium sp., Enterobacter sp., Sphingomonas sp., and Penicillium sp., and Bacillus sp. [ 73 , 76 ]. Pesticide application was observed to influence the endophytic microbial population [ 77 ].…”

“…Pesticide application was observed to influence the endophytic microbial population [ 77 ]. A study examined the effect of Archidendron pauciflorum (jengkol) peel powder to prevent Moler disease in onions [ 73 ]. The effect of jengkol peel powder on preventing Moler disease in onions was investigated in a study.…”

“…The effect of jengkol peel powder on preventing Moler disease in onions was investigated in a study. The microbial diversity in onions treated with plant-based pesticides and untreated onions showed a moderate level [ 73 ]. In another study, the effects of jengkol peel extract were investigated against Curvularia sp., the causative agent of leaf spot disease in oil palm seedlings [ 74 ].…”