Molecules involved in chemical defence of the chicken egg

Réhault-Godbert, Sophie; Hervé-Grépinet, Virginie; Gautron, Joël; Cabau, Cédric; Nys, Yves; Hincke, Maxwell T.

doi:10.1533/9780857093912.2.183

Cited by 30 publications

(36 citation statements)

References 103 publications

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“…The egg chemical protection is most commonly ascribed to the liquid egg-white that possesses numerous proteins responsible for its antimicrobial properties [2]. The eggshell is indeed not a suitable medium for microbial growth, due to its physical characteristics (solid structure with low moisture content).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hen uterine gene expression profiling during eggshell formation reveals putative proteins involved in the supply of minerals or in the shell mineralization process

et al. 2014

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BackgroundThe chicken eggshell is a natural mechanical barrier to protect egg components from physical damage and microbial penetration. Its integrity and strength is critical for the development of the embryo or to ensure for consumers a table egg free of pathogens. This study compared global gene expression in laying hen uterus in the presence or absence of shell calcification in order to characterize gene products involved in the supply of minerals and / or the shell biomineralization process.ResultsMicroarrays were used to identify a repertoire of 302 over-expressed genes during shell calcification. GO terms enrichment was performed to provide a global interpretation of the functions of the over-expressed genes, and revealed that the most over-represented proteins are related to reproductive functions. Our analysis identified 16 gene products encoding proteins involved in mineral supply, and allowed updating of the general model describing uterine ion transporters during eggshell calcification. A list of 57 proteins potentially secreted into the uterine fluid to be active in the mineralization process was also established. They were classified according to their potential functions (biomineralization, proteoglycans, molecular chaperone, antimicrobials and proteases/antiproteases).ConclusionsOur study provides detailed descriptions of genes and corresponding proteins over-expressed when the shell is mineralizing. Some of these proteins involved in the supply of minerals and influencing the shell fabric to protect the egg contents are potentially useful biological markers for the genetic improvement of eggshell quality.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hen uterine gene expression profiling during eggshell formation reveals putative proteins involved in the supply of minerals or in the shell mineralization process

et al. 2014

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“…SPARC exhibits Kazal-like domains and therefore can be considered as a protease inhibitor. OVST has been reported to inhibit all four classes of peptidase by a unique trapping mechanism [86]. The presence of ovostatin in cluster C (proteins overabundant at 7 hours p.o.)…”

Section: Five Protease Inhibitors (Serpinf2 Ovocalyxin-32 (Ocx32) Smentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Cystatin C (CST3) appears to be an important candidate for protein regulation as it is abundant throughout all stages of mineralisation (10 th most abundant protein at 5, 6 and 7h p.o., and 8 th most abundant at 16h p.o., Figure 5). CST3 is a cystein protease inhibitor [86] previously identified in proteomic uterine fluid surveys [26, A C C E P T E D M A N U S C R I P T ACCEPTED MANUSCRIPT 20 27]. SERPINI1, SERPINE2 and SERPING1 belong to the SERPIN family and are serine protease inhibitors.…”

Section: Accepted Manuscriptmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantitative proteomics provides new insights into chicken eggshell matrix protein functions during the primary events of mineralisation and the active calcification phase

Marie¹,

Labas

Brionne³

et al. 2015

Journal of Proteomics

146

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“…An egg is sterile when laid in non-pathological conditions but after being laid, it can be contaminated despite its efficient protective barriers [1,2]. The egg is protected physically by the eggshell and chemically by antibodies, known as IgYs, mainly concentrated in the egg yolk [3] and throughout the egg by numerous peptides and proteins possessing antimicrobial properties [4]. These molecules constitute an innate immunity and are secreted “preventively” by the hen ovary into the egg yolk to protect the embryo, and by the other oviduct segments into the other egg compartments (egg white, eggshell membranes and eggshell).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Therefore, we explored whether the microbial environment of the hen influences innate immunity by increasing the oviduct secretion of antimicrobial proteins into the egg white, and its antibacterial activity. Any modification in egg antimicrobial molecules which are much less selective for specific pathogens compared to IgY and are potentially active against a wide range of microbes including bacteria, viruses or parasites [4] might positively impact on the hygienic quality of table eggs.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Passive maternal exposure to environmental microbes selectively modulates the innate defences of chicken egg white by increasing some of its antibacterial activities

Bedrani¹,

Helloin

Guyot³

et al. 2013

BMC Microbiol

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BackgroundEgg defence against bacterial contamination relies on immunoglobulins (IgY) concentrated in the yolk and antimicrobial peptides/proteins predominantly localized in the egg white (EW). Hens contaminated with pathogenic microorganisms export specific IgYs to the egg (adaptative immunity). No evidence of such regulation has been reported for the antimicrobial peptides/proteins (innate immunity) which are preventively secreted by the hen oviduct and are active against a large range of microbes. We investigated whether the egg innate defences can be stimulated by the environmental microbial contamination by comparing the antimicrobial activity of EW of hens raised in three extreme breeding conditions: Germ-free (GF), Specific Pathogen Free (SPF) and Conventional (C) hens.ResultsThe difference in the immunological status of GF, SPF and C hens was confirmed by the high stimulation of IL-1β, IL-8 and TLR4 genes in the intestine of C and SPF groups. EW from C and SPF groups demonstrated higher inhibitory effect against Staphylococcus aureus (13 to 18%) and against Streptococcus uberis (31 to 35%) as compared to GF but showed similar activity against Salmonella Enteritidis, Salmonella Gallinarum, Escherichia coli and Listeria monocytogenes. To further investigate these results, we explored putative changes amongst the three main mechanisms of egg antimicrobial defence: the sequestration of bacterial nutrients, the inactivation of exogenous proteases and the direct lytic action on microorganisms. Lysozyme activity, chymotrypsin-, trypsin- and papain-inhibiting potential of EW and the expression of numerous antimicrobial genes were not stimulated suggesting that these are not responsible for the change in anti-S. aureus and anti-S. uberis activity. Moreover, whereas the expression levels of IL-1β, IL-8 and TLR4 genes were modified by the breeding conditions in the intestine of C and SPF groups they were not modified in the magnum where egg white is formed.ConclusionsAltogether, these data revealed that the degree of environmental microbial exposure of the hen moderately stimulated the egg innate defence, by reinforcing some specific antimicrobial activities to protect the embryo and to insure hygienic quality of table eggs.

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Molecules involved in chemical defence of the chicken egg

Cited by 30 publications

References 103 publications

Hen uterine gene expression profiling during eggshell formation reveals putative proteins involved in the supply of minerals or in the shell mineralization process

Hen uterine gene expression profiling during eggshell formation reveals putative proteins involved in the supply of minerals or in the shell mineralization process

Quantitative proteomics provides new insights into chicken eggshell matrix protein functions during the primary events of mineralisation and the active calcification phase

Passive maternal exposure to environmental microbes selectively modulates the innate defences of chicken egg white by increasing some of its antibacterial activities

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