“…Another possibility is that an OC-protein complex or a bitter phenol–protein complex cannot access the binding sites on TRPA1 or TAS2Rs because of the excessive size of the protein complexes. The binding sites of TAS2Rs are buried in the transmembrane portion of the bitter taste receptors 22 , and the activation of TRPA1 by OC does not depend on canonical binding to intracellular cysteine residues 15 , rather OC activation of TRPA1 may involve lysine residues 23 or noncanonical binding in the transmembrane portion of TRPA1 24 .…”
The Mediterranean diet, considered one of the healthiest in the world, is characterized in part by the major source of its fat, which is extra virgin olive oil (EVOO). Among the health benefits of consuming EVOOs is the presence of phenolic compounds, which have been shown to lower the incidence of coronary heart disease and are suspected of providing many other health benefits. These phenolic compounds also contribute to the flavor of EVOO, adding both specific pungency in the throat and bitter notes that are valued by connoisseurs but reported to be unpleasant by naïve consumers. Here, we demonstrate that some food-derived proteins, specifically from egg yolks and whey, when added to pungent and bitter EVOOs, reduce or even eliminate both the throat pungency and bitterness. The sensory loss is proportional to the food protein additions. Thus, when used in various foods recipes (e.g. mayonnaise), pungent and bitter EVOOs may lose their pungent and bitter characteristics thereby rendering them more palatable to many consumers. This sensory reduction might also indicate interaction between the proteins and the phenolic compounds, which, if confirmed, would raise the question of whether the bioactivities of EVOO phenolics remain unchanged when consumed with and without protein-containing foods.
“…Another possibility is that an OC-protein complex or a bitter phenol–protein complex cannot access the binding sites on TRPA1 or TAS2Rs because of the excessive size of the protein complexes. The binding sites of TAS2Rs are buried in the transmembrane portion of the bitter taste receptors 22 , and the activation of TRPA1 by OC does not depend on canonical binding to intracellular cysteine residues 15 , rather OC activation of TRPA1 may involve lysine residues 23 or noncanonical binding in the transmembrane portion of TRPA1 24 .…”
The Mediterranean diet, considered one of the healthiest in the world, is characterized in part by the major source of its fat, which is extra virgin olive oil (EVOO). Among the health benefits of consuming EVOOs is the presence of phenolic compounds, which have been shown to lower the incidence of coronary heart disease and are suspected of providing many other health benefits. These phenolic compounds also contribute to the flavor of EVOO, adding both specific pungency in the throat and bitter notes that are valued by connoisseurs but reported to be unpleasant by naïve consumers. Here, we demonstrate that some food-derived proteins, specifically from egg yolks and whey, when added to pungent and bitter EVOOs, reduce or even eliminate both the throat pungency and bitterness. The sensory loss is proportional to the food protein additions. Thus, when used in various foods recipes (e.g. mayonnaise), pungent and bitter EVOOs may lose their pungent and bitter characteristics thereby rendering them more palatable to many consumers. This sensory reduction might also indicate interaction between the proteins and the phenolic compounds, which, if confirmed, would raise the question of whether the bioactivities of EVOO phenolics remain unchanged when consumed with and without protein-containing foods.
“…UMI counts per cell averaged around 3300, where our average cDNA concentration yield is approximately 18 nmol/L for 35 μL. Details of scRNA-Seq analyses can be found in our recent publication ( Yamazaki et al., 2021 ). Figure 5 Validations for cDNA amplification and gene expression library construction (A) Major steps for generating Single Cell 3ʹ Gene Expression libraries from single cell suspensions.…”
Section: Expected Outcomesmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Astrocyte ( Dclk1, Gfap ); pericyte ( Vtn ); Smooth muscle cells ( Acta2, Sncg ); Choroid plexus ( Enpp2 ); Endothelial cell ( Cldn5 ); Neuron ( Tubb3 ). (C) A representative split dot plot depicting marker genes for each cell population from Yamazaki et al. 2021 .…”
Section: Expected Outcomesmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Our approach can be used to address vascular-specific contribution to brain diseases. For complete details on the use and execution of this protocol, please refer to Yamazaki et al. (2021) .…”
mentioning
confidence: 99%
“…For complete details on the use and execution of this protocol, please refer to Yamazaki et al. (2021) .…”
Summary
Cerebral blood vessels supply oxygen and nutrients, remove metabolic waste, and play a critical role in maintaining brain homeostasis. Cerebrovasculature is composed of heterogeneous populations of brain vascular cells (BVCs). A major challenge in effective cerebrovascular transcriptional profiling is high-quality BVC procurement, permitting high sequencing depth. Here, we establish cell isolation procedures for glio-vascular cell-enriched single-cell RNA sequencing enabling unbiased characterization of BVC transcriptional heterogeneity. Our approach can be used to address vascular-specific contribution to brain diseases.
For complete details on the use and execution of this protocol, please refer to
Yamazaki et al. (2021)
.
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