Molecularly Tailored Surface Defect Modifier for Efficient and Stable Perovskite Solar Cells

Abstract

Surface defects cause non‐radiative charge recombination and reduce the photovoltaic performance of perovskite solar cells (PSCs), thus effective passivation of defects has become a crucial method for achieving efficient and stable devices. Organic ammonium halides have been widely used for perovskite surface passivation, due to their simple preparation, lattice matching with perovskite, and high defects passivation ability. Herein, a surface passivator 2,4,6‐trimethylbenzenaminium iodide (TMBAI) is employed as the interfacial layer between the spiro‐OMeTAD and perovskite layer to modify the surface defect states. It is found that TMBAI treatment suppresses the nonradiative charge carrier recombination, resulting in a 60 mV increase of the open‐circuit voltage (Voc) (from 1.11 to 1.17 V) and raises the fill factor from 76.3% to 80.3%. As a result, the TMBAI‐based PSCs device demonstrates a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 23.7%. Remarkably, PSCs with an aperture area of 1 square centimeter produce a PCE of 21.7% under standard AM1.5 G sunlight. The unencapsulated TMBAI‐modified device retains 92.6% and 90.1% of the initial values after 1000 and 550 h under ambient conditions (humidity 55%–65%) and one‐sun continuous illumination, respectively.

Improving the performance and stability of perovskite solar cells via surface passivation of phthalimide N-alkylammonium iodides

“…The transport process of the two perovskite films can be the same due to the same substrate and interface. 41 Therefore, the higher PL intensity of PAE-I-treated perovskite film indicates reduced non-radiative charge recombination on the perovskite surface. TRPL decay (Fig.…”

“…Therefore, aromatic materials are widely used for surface passivation. It has been reported that some aromatic iodide compounds such as phenylethylammonium iodide (PEAI), 39 phenylpropylammonium iodide (PPAI), 38 4- tert -butyl-benzylammonium iodide ( t BBAI) 40 and 2,4,6-trimethylbenzenaminium iodide (TMBAI) 41 have been utilized to passivate the defects in the perovskite layer by using the relevant intermolecular interactions to significantly improve the device performance. Furthermore, due to the electron complementary nature between the electron-deficient imide structure and the electron-rich Pb–I polyanion, combining imide derivatives with perovskites is extremely attractive for structural engineering and modulation of optoelectronic properties.…”

Melatonin treatment as an anti-aging therapy for UV-related degradation of perovskite solar cells

“…49 Additionally, the modified film shows a higher surface potential with a mean value of −460 mV, compared to −552 mV for the control film, indicating a lower work function of the modified film, 50 which is beneficial for charge separation. 51 According to the UV photoemission spectra (UPS) (Fig. 3e) and Tauc plots (Fig.…”

Enhancing the Performance of Perovskite Solar Cells via the Functional Group Synergistic Effect in Interfacial Passivation Materials

“…It is expected that an effective interface passivation material (IPM) could interact with defect states such as uncoordinated metal cations, halide anion vacancies, metal-halide antisites, etc. − Therefore, various functional groups, such as fluorine (−F), carbonyl (−CO), amino (−NH 2 ), etc., have been installed on the organic molecular materials to deactive these charged defects, while the correspondingly treated PSCs have been definitely improved and stabilized. ,− Recently, to make molecules show versatility, IPMs have gradually become a system containing multifunctional groups. And the intramolecular synergy of these functional fragments is thought to significantly impact the material properties. − Many works have also been carried out to reveal this kind of synergistic effect.…”