Molecularly Imprinted Polymers: Present and Future Prospective

Vasapollo, Giuseppe; Sole, Roberta Del; Mergola, Lucia; Lazzoi, Maria Rosaria; Scardino, Anna; Scorrano, Sonia; Mele, Giuseppe

doi:10.3390/ijms12095908

Cited by 884 publications

(631 citation statements)

References 199 publications

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“…The latter, the most common procedure for the synthesis of MIPs, demands a careful choice due to the lower intensity of the interactions involved [37]. The literature on MIPs provides an extended list of the monomers suitable for each approach [38], but methacrylic acid (MAA), acrylic acid (AA) and 2-or 4-vinylpyridine (2-or 4-VP) are the most common choices for molecular imprinting. Among these, MAA is often selected due to the possibility to interact with the template through both non-covalent and covalent interactions [39].…”

Section: Functional Monomermentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Applications of molecularly imprinted polymers to the analysis and removal of personal care products: A review

Figueiredo

Erny

Santos

et al. 2016

Talanta

145

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Personal-care products (PCPs) involve a variety of chemicals whose persistency along with their constant release into the environment raised concern to their potential impact on wildlife and humans health. Regarded as emergent contaminants, PCPs demonstrated estrogenic activity leading to the need of new methodologies to detect and remove those compounds from the environment.Molecular imprinting starts with a complex between a template molecule and a functional monomer, which is then polymerized in the presence of a cross-linker. After template removal, the polymer will contain specific cavities. Based on a good selectivity towards the template, molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) have been investigated as efficient materials for the analysis and extraction of the so called emergent pollutants contaminants.Rather than lowering the limit of detections, the key theoretical advantage of MIP over existing methodologies is the potential to target specific chemicals. This unique feature, sometime named specificity (as synonym to very high selectivity) allows to use cheap, simple and/or rapid quantitative techniques such as fast separation with ultra-violet (UV) detection, sensors or even spectrometric techniques. When a high degree of selectivity is achieved samples extracted with MIPs can be directly analysed without the need of a separation step. However, while some papers clearly demonstrated the specificity of their MIP toward the targeted PCP, such prove is often lacking, especially with real matrices, making it difficult to assess the success of the different approaches.This review paper focusses on the latest development of MIPs for the analysis of personal care products in the environment, with particular emphasis on design, preparation and practical applications of MIPs.3

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Section: Functional Monomermentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Many reviews have highlighted its importance providing lists of cross-linkers that are compatible with molecular imprinting [31,38]. Ethylene glycol dimethacrylate (EGDMA), trimethylolpropane trimethacrylate (TRIM) and divinylbenzene (DVB) are the most common cross-linkers for MIPs production.…”

Section: Cross-linkermentioning

confidence: 99%

Applications of molecularly imprinted polymers to the analysis and removal of personal care products: A review

Figueiredo

Erny

Santos

et al. 2016

Talanta

145

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) particles are particles synthesised by polymerisation in the presence of a template molecule that is extracted afterwards, thus leaving nanocavities in the polymer network which are complementary in shape, size and chemical functionality to the template molecule (Vasapollo et al, 2011). MIP particles are capable of rebinding the original template with high sensitivity and specificity and can be used in targeted drug delivery, molecular sensing, and highly selective separation and catalytic processes.…”

Section: Molecularly Imprinted Polymer Particlesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Structured microparticles with tailored properties produced by membrane emulsification

Vladisavljević

2015

Advances in Colloid and Interface Science

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This paper provides an overview of membrane emulsification routes for fabrication of structured microparticles with tailored properties for specific applications. Direct (bottom-up) and premix (top-down) membrane emulsification processes are discussed including operational, formulation and membrane factors that control the droplet size and droplet generation regimes. A special emphasis was put on different methods of controlled shear generation on membrane surface, such as cross flow on the membrane surface, swirl flow, forward and backward flow pulsations in the continuous phase and membrane oscillations and rotations. Droplets produced by membrane emulsification can be used for synthesis of particles with versatile morphology (solid and hollow, matrix and core/shell, spherical and non-spherical, porous and coherent, composite and homogeneous), which can be surface functionalised and coated or loaded with macromolecules, nanoparticles, quantum dots, drugs, phase change materials and high molecular weight gases to achieve controlled/targeted drug release and impart special optical, chemical, electrical, acoustic, thermal and magnetic properties. The template emulsions including metal-in-oil, solid-in-oil-in-water, oil-in-oil, multilayer, and Pickering emulsions can be produced with high encapsulation efficiency of encapsulated materials and narrow size distribution and transformed into structured particles using a variety of different processes, such as polymerisation (suspension, mini-emulsion, interfacial and in-situ), ionic gelation, chemical crosslinking, melt solidification, internal phase separation, layer-by-layer electrostatic deposition, particle self-assembly, complex coacervation, spray drying, sol-gel processing, and molecular imprinting. Particles fabricated from droplets produced by membrane emulsification include nanoclusters, colloidosomes, carbon aerogel particles, nanoshells, polymeric (molecularly imprinted, hypercrosslinked, Janus and core/shell) particles, solder metal powders and inorganic particles. Membrane 2 emulsification devices operate under constant temperature due to low shear rates on the membrane surface, which range from (1−10) × 10 3 s −1 in a direct process to (1−10) × 10 4 s −1 in a premix process.Keywords: Membrane Emulsification; Polymeric microsphere; Microgel; Janus Particle; Core/Shell Particle, Colloidosome. Membrane emulsificationMembrane emulsification (ME) involves preparation of emulsions by pressing a pure dispersed phase or pre-emulsified mixture of the dispersed and continuous phase through a microporous membrane under controlled injection rate and shear conditions. In direct membrane emulsification (DME), one liquid (a dispersed phase) is injected through a microporous membrane into another immiscible liquid (the continuous phase) (Nakashima et al., 1991;, which leads to the formation of droplets at the membrane/continuous phase interface ( Figure 1a). In premix membrane emulsification (PME) (Figure 1b), a pre-emulsion is pressed through the membrane (...

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“…In MIP synthesis, the function of the solvent is not only to solubilize the mixture of monomers and template, but, most importantly, the solvent is involved in the phase separation process that creates the porosity in the polymer network. 23 Porosity plays an important role in the performance of MIPs as the pores are necessary to enable transport to the binding sites and the location of the imprinting cavities on the accessible surface of the polymer improves its binding capacity.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecularly imprinted polymers synthesized via template immobilization on fumed silica nanoparticles for the enrichment of phosphopeptides

Duarte

Subedi

Yilmaz

et al. 2017

J of Molecular Recognition

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Phosphorylation is a protein post-translational modification (PTM) that plays an important role in cell signaling, cell differentiation, and metabolism. The hyper phosphorylated forms of certain proteins have been appointed as biomarkers for neurodegenerative diseases, and phosphorylationrelated mutations are important for detecting cancer pathways. Due to the low abundance of phosphorylated proteins in biological fluids, sample enrichment is beneficial prior to detection.Thus, a need to find new strategies for enriching phosphopeptides has emerged. Molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) are synthetic polymeric materials manufactured to exhibit affinity for a target molecule. In this study, MIPs have been synthesized using a new approach based on the use of fumed silica as sacrificial support acting as solid porogen with the template (phosphotyrosine) immobilized on its surface. Phosphotyrosine MIPs were tested against a mixture of peptides and phosphopeptides by performing micro-solid phase extraction using MIPs (μMISPE) packed in a pipette tip. First, the capability of the materials to preferentially enrich phosphopeptides was evaluated. In a next step, the enrichment of phosphopeptides from a whole-cell lysate of human embryonic kidney (HEK) 293T cells was performed. The eluates were analyzed using MALDI-MS in the first case and with nano-HPLC-ESI-MS/MS in the second case.The results showed that the MIPs provided affinity for phosphopeptides, binding preferentially to multi-site phosphorylated peptides. The MIPs could enrich phosphopeptides in over 10-fold compared with the number of phosphopeptides found in a cell lysate without enrichment. MS-based studies of protein phosphorylation are dependent on sample preparation steps that enrich the phosphorylated peptides prior to analysis.

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Molecularly Imprinted Polymers: Present and Future Prospective

Cited by 884 publications

References 199 publications

Applications of molecularly imprinted polymers to the analysis and removal of personal care products: A review

Applications of molecularly imprinted polymers to the analysis and removal of personal care products: A review

Structured microparticles with tailored properties produced by membrane emulsification

Molecularly imprinted polymers synthesized via template immobilization on fumed silica nanoparticles for the enrichment of phosphopeptides

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