Molecular Weight, Degree of Deacetylation, and Acute Oral Toxicity Evaluation of Irradiated and Nonirradiated Chitosan Using Mice

Abstract

Chitosan has been used as antimicrobial, anti‐fungal, anti‐virus, antioxidant, and anti‐cancer agent. As a new biomaterial, chitosan will be required to undergo certain toxicity tests for biocompatibility and safety assessment; one of the requirements is acute toxicity. In this study, nonirradiated and irradiated chitosan is used. The MW of chitosan is analyzed using GPC. The degree of deacetylation (DD) is measured by FTIR. OECD Guideline for Testing of Chemicals No 423 is used for evaluation of acute oral toxicity tests of nonirradiated and irradiated chitosan using mice with body weight (BW) ranging from 20 to 30 g. During 14 days after the dosing of chitosan, there are daily observations of toxic symptoms, death of test animals, changes in weight gain, and manifestations of toxic effects of individual animals. The results show that nonirradiated and irradiated chitosan with 75 kGy have an average MW of 276.0 and 90.0 kDa, respectively. Chitosan has a DD of 92%, which is increased by 4% at 75 kGy irradiation dose. Administration of nonirradiated and irradiated chitosan with a concentration of 300 mg/kg BW and continuous following with 2000 mg/kg BW show no toxic symptoms or death of mice test animals, LD50 > 5000 mg/kg. It is concluded that nonirradiated and irradiated chitosan with 75 kGy are categorized as practically nontoxic with LD50 > 5000 mg/kg. The dose up to a test limit of 5000 mg/kg BW is estimated to be equivalent to the dose of 38.79 mg (≈ 38.79 g) in humans (70 kg).

Synthesis and Characterization of Low Molecular Weight Irradiated Chitosan in Various Water Levels and Gamma-Ray Doses

“…The percentage value of molecular weight reduction in this study was higher than the previous research 20 , due to the addition of H2O. Meanwhile, the percentage value of molecular weight loss carried out in this study was lower than the study of Hien et al 11 which used the addition of H2O2..…”

“…Permeation Chromatography (GPC) 20 The molecular weight of the degraded chitosan was characterized by GPC using Pullulan (Lot: BCCB4132) as standard to obtain the calibration curve. Chitosan sample preparation was carried out by dissolving chitosan (1 mg) in 1 ml of acetate buffer (0.5 M CH3COOH/0.5 M CH3COONa) for one night, then the samples were mixed using vortex, incubated (50°C, 60 mins) then centrifuged at 10.000 rpm for 10 mins.…”

Chitosan: Properties and Its Application in Agriculture in Context of Molecular Weight

“…For example, rapeseed (Brassica chinensis) exhibits favorable germination index, seedling growth, and root length when coated with LMWC [83]. In a similar way, Darwis et al [148] demonstrated that chitosan with an avg. MW of 141,000 Da and 14,000 Da respectively, both were effectively used on beans, potatoes, and chili to increase crop yields and reduce disease caused by virus, bacteria, and fungi.…”

Evaluation of the physical properties of slow release urea based on irradiated chitosan as a feed supplement

“…Chitosan powder was packed in polyethelene plastics 20x20 cm 2 . Chitosan is irradiated using a Co-60 γ-radiation source with an activity 53.13 kCi and 75 kGy absorbed dose [1] in a natural rubber irradiator (IRKA) at the Research Center for Radiation Process Technology (PRTPR), National Research and Innovation Agency, BRIN, Jakarta, Indonesia.…”