Molecular Watchmaking: <i>ab initio</i> Emulsion Polymerization by RAFT‐controlled Self‐assembly

Sprong, Ewan; Leswin, Joost Sieger Kaspar; Lamb, David; Ferguson, Christopher J.; Hawkett, Brian S.; Pham, Binh T.T.; Nguyen, Dennis C.; Such, Christopher H.; Serelis, Algirdas K.; Gilbert, Robert G.

doi:10.1002/masy.200590028

Cited by 71 publications

(92 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…The use of macro-RAFT agents as stabilizers in 'surfactantless' emulsion polymerization, [145,181,225,287,300,310,341,393,[443][444][445][446] miniemulsion polymerization, [124,181] suspension polymerization [381] and non-aqueous dispersion polymerization in both organic media, [188] and in supercritical CO 2 [353,389,447,448] [90,451] O O ϩ NH 3 Cl Ϫ APMAM 274 [152,153,168] Cl Ϫ O HN H 3 N ϩ AEMAM 275 [153] ϩ NH 3 Cl Ϫ O HN 276 [166] NH 3 Cl Ϫ O HN N N N ϩ has gained popularity. Particle nucleation and growth during RAFT emulsion polymerization of St and BA mediated by macro-RAFT agents of various compositions has been studied by calorimetry.…”

Section: Raft Polymerization In Heterogeneous Mediamentioning

confidence: 99%

Living Radical Polymerization by the RAFT Process - A Second Update

Moad¹,

Rizzardo²,

Thang³

2009

Aust. J. Chem.

893

720

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This paper provides a second update to the review of reversible deactivation radical polymerization achieved with thiocarbonylthio compounds (ZC(=S)SR) by a mechanism of reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) that was published in June 2005 (Aust. J. Chem. 2005, 58, 379-410). The first update was published in November 2006 (Aust. J. Chem. 2006, 59, 669-692). This review cites over 500 papers that appeared during the period mid-2006 to mid-2009 covering various aspects of RAFT polymerization ranging from reagent synthesis and properties, kinetics and mechanism of polymerization, novel polymer syntheses and a diverse range of applications. Significant developments have occurred, particularly in the areas of novel RAFT agents, techniques for end-group removal and transformation, the production of micro/nanoparticles and modified surfaces, and biopolymer conjugates both for therapeutic and diagnostic applications.

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Section: Raft Polymerization In Heterogeneous Mediamentioning

confidence: 99%

Living Radical Polymerization by the RAFT Process - A Second Update

Moad¹,

Rizzardo²,

Thang³

2009

Aust. J. Chem.

893

720

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“…A large number of recent studies relate RAFT polymerization in heterogeneous media (emulsion, [67,74,81,98,117,122,139,[161][162][163][164][165][166] miniemulsion, [10,76,[167][168][169][170][171][172][173][174][175] or suspension [176] ). The area has been reviewed by McCleary and Klumperman [11] and Save et al [177] 'Surfactant free' emulsion polymerization making use of a hydrophilic macroRAFT agent (typically based on PAA oligomer formed with RAFT agent 67) [117,161,163,164] has been used for BA [117] and styrene.…”

Section: Raft Polymerization In Heterogeneous Mediamentioning

confidence: 99%

Living Radical Polymerization by the RAFT Process—A First Update

Moad¹,

Rizzardo²,

Thang³

2006

Aust. J. Chem.

855

787

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This paper provides a first update to the review of living radical polymerization achieved with thiocarbonylthio compounds (ZC(=S)SR) by a mechanism of Reversible Addition-Fragmentation chain Transfer (RAFT) published in June 2005. The time since that publication has witnessed an increased rate of publication on the topic with the appearance of well over 200 papers covering various aspects of RAFT polymerization ranging over reagent synthesis and properties, kinetics, and mechanism of polymerization, novel polymer syntheses, and diverse applications.

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“…[18][19][20] As a solution of the problem, Hawkett and coworkers recently proposed an emulsifier-free reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer emulsion polymerization method utilizing self-assembly. 21,22 Following this proposal, nitroxide-mediated radical polymerization [23][24][25][26][27][28] and reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer [29][30][31][32][33][34][35] in emulsion polymerization systems have been successfully studied.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of stirring rate on particle formation in emulsifier-free, organotellurium-mediated living radical emulsion polymerization (emulsion TERP) of styrene

Moribe

Kitayama

Suzuki

et al. 2011

Polym J

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Particle formation during the initial stages of emulsifier-free organotellurium-mediated living radical emulsion polymerization (emulsion TERP) of styrene at 601C was investigated at two stirring rates (220 and 1000 r.p.m.), in which the styrene phase floated as a layer on an aqueous phase at 220 r.p.m. or became dispersed as droplets at 1000 r.p.m. A water-soluble TERP agent, poly(methacrylic acid) (PMAA)-methyltellanyl (PMAA 30 -TeMe) and a water-soluble thermal initiator, 4,4¢-azobis(4-cyanovaleric acid), at alkaline pH were used. The control/livingness was better at 1000 r.p.m. than at 220 r.p.m., and the particle size distribution was also affected by the stirring rate: both nanometer-sized and submicrometer-sized particles were observed at 220 r.p.m., and mainly nanometer-sized particles were observed at 1000 r.p.m. Because the percentage of PMAA 30 -TeMe consumed in the initial stage was much higher at 1000 r.p.m. than at 220 r.p.m., self-assembly nucleation preferentially occurred at 1000 r.p.m., resulting in nanometer-sized particles and good control/livingness. Stirring at 1000 r.p.m. only in the initial stage of the emulsion TERP followed by 220 r.p.m. induced good control/livingness and the formation of mainly nanometer-sized particles. It is concluded that a high stirring rate in the initial stage is important for the emulsion TERP of styrene to obtain good control/ livingness and to control the particle formation mechanism.

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Molecular Watchmaking: ab initio Emulsion Polymerization by RAFT‐controlled Self‐assembly

Cited by 71 publications

References 29 publications

Living Radical Polymerization by the RAFT Process - A Second Update

Living Radical Polymerization by the RAFT Process - A Second Update

Living Radical Polymerization by the RAFT Process—A First Update

Effect of stirring rate on particle formation in emulsifier-free, organotellurium-mediated living radical emulsion polymerization (emulsion TERP) of styrene

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