Molecular Virology

Modrow, Susanne; Falke, D.; Truyen, Uwe; Schätzl, Hermann

doi:10.1007/978-3-642-20718-1

Cited by 32 publications

(32 citation statements)

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“…A summary of k values and the corresponding D 90 , D 99 , and D 99.9 values we have obtained for coronaviruses is shown in Table 2, together with our earlier results for aerosolized H1N1 influenza virus 23 . The relatively small difference in influenza A (H1N1) and human coronaviruses sensitivity to 222-nm light is likely attributable to differences in structure, genome size, and nucleic acid configuration 33 . It is also important to note that the previous results with H1N1 virus utilized a fluorescent focus assay to assess virus survival 23 in contrast to this work which used the TCID 50 assay.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Far-UVC light (222 nm) efficiently and safely inactivates airborne human coronaviruses

Buonanno

Welch

Shuryak

et al. 2020

Sci Rep

492

501

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A direct approach to limit airborne viral transmissions is to inactivate them within a short time of their production. Germicidal ultraviolet light, typically at 254 nm, is effective in this context but, used directly, can be a health hazard to skin and eyes. By contrast, far-UVC light (207-222 nm) efficiently kills pathogens potentially without harm to exposed human tissues. We previously demonstrated that 222-nm far-UVC light efficiently kills airborne influenza virus and we extend those studies to explore far-UVC efficacy against airborne human coronaviruses alpha HCoV-229E and beta HCoV-OC43. Low doses of 1.7 and 1.2 mJ/cm 2 inactivated 99.9% of aerosolized coronavirus 229E and OC43, respectively. As all human coronaviruses have similar genomic sizes, far-UVC light would be expected to show similar inactivation efficiency against other human coronaviruses including SARS-CoV-2. Based on the beta-HCoV-OC43 results, continuous far-UVC exposure in occupied public locations at the current regulatory exposure limit (~3 mJ/cm 2 /hour) would result in ~90% viral inactivation in ~8 minutes, 95% in ~11 minutes, 99% in ~16 minutes and 99.9% inactivation in ~25 minutes. Thus while staying within current regulatory dose limits, low-dose-rate far-UVC exposure can potentially safely provide a major reduction in the ambient level of airborne coronaviruses in occupied public locations. Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) was first reported in December 2019 and then characterized as a pandemic by the World Health Organization on March 11, 2020. Despite extensive efforts to contain the spread of the disease, it has spread worldwide with over 5.3 million confirmed cases and over 340,000 confirmed deaths as of May 25, 2020 1. Transmission of SARS-CoV-2, the beta coronavirus causing COVID-19, is believed to be both through direct contact and airborne routes, and studies of SARS-CoV-2 stability have shown viability in aerosols for at least 3 hours 2. Given the rapid spread of the disease, including through asymptomatic carriers 3 , it is of clear importance to explore practical mitigation technologies that can inactivate the airborne virus in public locations and thus limit airborne transmission. Ultraviolet (UV) light exposure is a direct antimicrobial approach 4 and its effectiveness against different strains of airborne viruses has long been established 5. The most commonly employed type of UV light for germicidal applications is a low pressure mercury-vapor arc lamp, emitting around 254 nm; more recently xenon lamp technology has been used, which emits broad UV spectrum 6. However, while these lamps can be used to disinfect unoccupied spaces, direct exposure to conventional germicidal UV lamps in occupied public spaces is not possible since direct exposure to these germicidal lamp wavelengths can be a health hazard, both to the skin and eye 7-10. By contrast far-UVC light (207 to 222 nm) has been shown to be as efficient as conventional germicidal UV light in killing microorganisms 11 , but studies to date 12-15 suggest that th...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Far-UVC light (222 nm) efficiently and safely inactivates airborne human coronaviruses

Buonanno

Welch

Shuryak

et al. 2020

Sci Rep

492

501

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“…As members of the Reoviridae family, the rotavirus genome consists of 11 segments of double stranded RNA (dsRNA) ( 7 , 8 ), and coding of the 6 structural proteins (VP1-VP7) and 6 nonstructural proteins (NSP1-NSP6) help determine distinct RV groups A-G. Rotaviruses show great genomic diversity. Group A is a common cause of gastroenteritis among children, while group B rotavirus causes severe diarrhea among adults in China, also rotavirus B (RVB) is known to be a cause of acute gastroenteritis among children and adults in parts of Asia including China, India, Nepal, Bangladesh and Myanmar ( 9 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Group A is a common cause of gastroenteritis among children, while group B rotavirus causes severe diarrhea among adults in China, also rotavirus B (RVB) is known to be a cause of acute gastroenteritis among children and adults in parts of Asia including China, India, Nepal, Bangladesh and Myanmar ( 9 ). Group C rotavirus causes diarrhea in human sporadically in some parts of the world ( 8 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Study on Rotavirus Infection and Its Genotyping in Children Below 5 Years in South West Iran

et al. 2016

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BackgroundHuman rotaviruses are the most important agents for severe dehydrating diarrhea in children below 5 years old. Rotaviruses (RV) is a serious public health problem in developing and developed countries.ObjectivesThe aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of rotavirus infection and their genotypes in children younger than 5 years of age with acute diarrhea in Ahvaz, Iran.Materials and MethodsFor this study, 200 stool samples from children below 5 years of age with acute diarrhea were collected between October 2011 and March 2012. Initially all stool samples were tested for rotavirus antigen by ELISA, and positive samples were confirmed by RT-PCR targeting the VP6 rotavirus gene. Determination of rotavirus genotypes was carried out by performing RT-PCR for G and P types. Altogether, 15 samples were sequenced.ResultsOut of 200 stool samples, 100 (50%) had rotavirus antigen detected by ELISA and 73 (36.5%) were found positive by RT-PCR. Of the rotavirus strains identified, only 63 (86.3%) were positive for both VP7 and VP4 while 10 (13.7%) strains were found nontypeable. Rotavirus infection accounts for 36.5% of gastroenteritis cases in samples from symptomatic children. The most prevalent rotavirus genotypes were G1P [8] (80%) followed by G2P [4] (20%).ConclusionsOur results suggest that group A rotavirus is a major pathogene of acute diarrhea in Ahvaz city. The genotypes circulating are similar with those of other countries.

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“…Some of them are harmful but majority of them are beneficial to the nature. They comprise various attributes (e.g., shape, texture, and metabolism) and different behavioural patterns (e.g., foraging, reproduction, and movement) (Modrow et al 2013;Giguère et al 2013). In addition to purely scientific aspects related to the bacteria, those characteristics also initiate computer scientists to develop algorithms for the solution of optimization problems.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bacteria Inspired Algorithms

Xing

Gao²

2013

Innovative Computational Intelligence: A Rough Guide to 134 Clever Algorithms

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In this chapter, we present a set of algorithms that are inspired by the different bacteria behavioural patterns, i.e., bacterial foraging algorithm (BFA), bacterial colony chemotaxis (BCC) algorithm, superbug algorithm (SuA), bacterial colony optimization (BCO) algorithm, and viral system (VS) algorithm. We first describe the general knowledge of bacteria foraging behaviour in Sect. 2.1. Then, the fundamentals and performances of BFA, BCC algorithm, SuA, BCO algorithm, and VS algorithm are introduced in Sects. 2.2 and 2.3, respectively. Finally, Sect. 2.4 summarises this chapter.

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Molecular Virology

Cited by 32 publications

References 0 publications

Far-UVC light (222 nm) efficiently and safely inactivates airborne human coronaviruses

Far-UVC light (222 nm) efficiently and safely inactivates airborne human coronaviruses

Study on Rotavirus Infection and Its Genotyping in Children Below 5 Years in South West Iran

Bacteria Inspired Algorithms

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