Molecular Variability of the S Gene of Hepatitis B Virus in Egypt

Elkalamawy, I.M.; Elhddad, S.; Swelim, M. A.; Hamdy, Shimaa; Fahmy, A. Hanan

doi:10.3923/ijv.2011.109.115

Cited by 2 publications

(3 citation statements)

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“…Polymerase and HBVsAg regions have been also isolated and identi ied [5]. HBVsAg (S) gene has been identi ied at the band size 25.42 kDa [3,4]. Virotherapy for plant-based vaccine structure has been speculated for future work.…”

Section: Brief Informationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Brief processing of vaccine production is as follow: a. Virus and RNA sources, which is HBVsAg that has isolated as two isolates from Egypt by El-Kalamawy et al [4]. Also Mahmoud and Hashem [5] and Nopaline synthase terminator (Nos3T) are also constructed between Right and left boarder (RB and LB).…”

Section: Brief Informationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Inside the immature nucleocapsid, the viral polymerase converts pgRNA into minus-strand DNA, which in turn is used as a template for the synthesis of the plus-strand DNA, resulting in the formation of the characteristic mature double-stranded, relaxed circular DNA molecule [2]. HBVsAg has been isolated from Egyptian samples and identi ied using RTPCR [3][4][5]. Polymerase and HBVsAg regions have been also isolated and identi ied [5].…”

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HBV: Genomic Structure, HBVsAg Isolation and innovative Virotherapy Initiation in the Middle East

EM¹

2017

J Plant Sci Phytopathol

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Hepatitis B virus (HBV) is one of the world's major infectious diseases with 350 million people who are chronic carriers of HBV [1]. Signi icant minorities go on to develop liver cirrhosis or hepatocellular carcinoma and over 1 million die annually from HBV-diseased liver. Janahi E. at faculty of science, Bahrain University, Bahrain has submitted the following information [2], on HBV-genome organization as part of his Ph.D. degree (2007) in Imperial College, England. HBV genomic organization has 4 Open Reading Frames (ORFs) i.e. Pre-S/S Gene, Pre-C/C ORF, P ORF and X ORF. Regulatory Elements has 4 promoters (pre S2, pre S1, C promoters and X promoters), Pregenomic RNA, Enhancers (Enh 1 and Enh 2) where they are involved in cccDNA formation, Glococorticoid-Responsive Element which is located in X ORF and P ORF overlapping, Polyadenylation Signal (Direct Repeat 1 (DR1) and Direct Repeat 2 (DR2)), EpsilonStem Loop and Post-Transcriptional Regulatory Element. HBV genotype D is prevalent in our Middle East area. The HBV genome is a partially relaxed-circular dsDNA molecule consisting of a full length strand (minus strand) with a single unique nick and a complementary (positive strand) of variable length. HBV is considered as a pararetrovirus because its replication involves the reverse transcription of an intermediate-RNA function, of pre-genomic RNA (pgRNA). Replication of HBV genome starts with the encapsidation of the pgRNA and encodes HBV polymerase into an immature nucleocapsid formed by the viral core antigen. Inside the immature nucleocapsid, the viral polymerase converts pgRNA into minus-strand DNA, which in turn is used as a template for the synthesis of the plus-strand DNA, resulting in the formation of the characteristic mature double-stranded, relaxed circular DNA molecule [2]. HBVsAg has been isolated from Egyptian samples and identi ied using RTPCR [3][4][5]. Polymerase and HBVsAg regions have been also isolated and identi ied [5]. HBVsAg (S) gene has been identi ied at the band size 25.42 kDa [3,4]. Virotherapy for plant-based vaccine structure has been speculated for future work. Proposed CMV-HBVsAg chimeric-virus construct. Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) 26 kDa hybrid coat protein (CP D/S) gene for 2 strains (CMV/S and CMV/D) were isolated and ampli ied from sgRNA 4 using F and R primers. Replicase gene (RP) and 30 kDa movement protein gene (MP) were used.

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confidence: 99%

Section: Brief Informationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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