Molecular typing of antibiotic-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in Nigeria

O’Malley, Sean M.; Emele, Felix Emele; Nwaokorie, Francisca O.; Idika, N.; Umeizudike, A.K.; Emeka-Nwabunnia, Ijeoma; Hanson, Blake; Nair, Rajeshwari; Wardyn, Shylo E.; Smith, Tara C.

doi:10.1016/j.jiph.2014.08.001

Cited by 39 publications

(36 citation statements)

References 24 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…In the present study, MRSA screening showed that all the tested isolates were MRSA; this has been previously reported in other studies from Iran by Vahdani et al (16) and Mirzaii et al (17). However, this incidence is higher than that found in other studies in Taiwan (18), Nigeria (19), and Hungary (20). The studies from Iran indicate that the incidence of MRSA in clinical specimens has increased over time.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 85%

Distribution of Adhesion and Toxin Genes in Staphylococcus aureus Strains Recovered From Hospitalized Patients Admitted to the ICU

Eftekhar

Rezaee

Azad

et al. 2016

Arch Pediatr Infect Dis

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Background: Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) strains are a common cause of emerging nosocomial infections and are a major public health concern. Objectives: The aim of the present study was to determine the prevalence of MRSA, its antibiotic resistance pattern, and the virulence gene profiles in hospitalized patients admitted to ICUs. Methods: During a 6-month period, a total of 70 S. aureus isolates were collected from 249 patients admitted to the ICU in five hospitals. In vitro antibiotic susceptibility testing of the S. aureus isolates was carried out using the Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method with 16 antibiotic disks. Molecular detection of toxin and adhesion genes was carried out using PCR. Results: All the 70 S. aureus isolates were confirmed to be MRSA strains. The largest number of S. aureus isolates was found in the blood (42.9%) and wound (21.4%) samples. The MDR pattern was detected in 71.4% of the isolates, which were obtained from wound and blood samples. Simultaneous resistance to seven, six, five, four and three drugs was common in 35 (50%), 7 (10%), 8 (11.4%), 11 (15.7%), 2 (2.9%) and 5 (7.1%) isolates, respectively. The frequency of the spa, fnbB, fnbA, clfB, clfA, can, bbp, ebp, etb, eta, pvl, and tst genes was 100%, 75.7%, 74.3%, 78.6%, 71.4%24.3%, 0%, 58.6%, 2.9%, 7.1%, 21.4%, and 51.4%, respectively. In addition, among all the examined genes, the clfB (78.6%) and etb (2.9%) genes had the highest and lowest prevalence respectively. Conclusions: In the present study, we found a high prevalence of MRSA at the hospitals studied. The findings emphasized the increased prevalence of MRSA isolates containing different toxin and adhesion genes, probably accompanied by antimicrobial resistance. Infection with such isolates worsens the clinical outcomes as well as the morbidity and mortality rates in hospitalized patients in ICUs.

show abstract

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 85%

Distribution of Adhesion and Toxin Genes in Staphylococcus aureus Strains Recovered From Hospitalized Patients Admitted to the ICU

Eftekhar

Rezaee

Azad

et al. 2016

Arch Pediatr Infect Dis

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…5 characteristics (15)(16)(17). In the current survey, the prevalence of HA-MRSA isolates was 86.2%, which was higher than that in Taiwan (1), Nigeria (18), Hungary (17,19), Egypt (16), Serbia (20) and Croatia (15). The increased rate of resistance to methicillin among the isolates obtained in our study could be attributed to the longer period of the study, the sample type, investigated population and different wards of the hospital.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 65%

“…Antimicrobial resistance patterns revealed that all the isolates (100%) were MDR, which is in accordance with the findings of Xu et al in China (6), yet in comparison to the previous investigations in Serbia (83.9%) (20) and Taiwan (75.8%), (1) a high frequency of MDR S. aureus was observed in our study. Studies have shown that the frequency of MDR S. aureus isolates seems to vary by region (6,15,18,24,28). Increase in the frequency of MDR S. aureus is a challenging and serious public health concern especially in ICUs.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Distribution of spa Types, Integrons and Associated Gene Cassettes in Staphylococcus aureus Strains Isolated From Intensive Care Units of Hospitals in Tehran, Iran

Goudarzi

Seyedjavadi

Azad

et al. 2016

Arch Clin Infect Dis

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Background: Nosocomial Staphylococcus aureus is known as an important clinical pathogen in health care, hospital, and community settings. One of the serious threats associated with clinical isolates of Staphylococcus aureus is multi-drug resistance associated with integrons. Objectives: The objective of the present study was to investigate antimicrobial susceptibility patterns, frequency of class 1 and 2 integrons, and associated gene cassettes in different spa types of Staphylococcus aureus isolated from intensive care units (ICUs). Methods: During a five-month descriptive cross-sectional study, 80 Staphylococcus aureus strains isolated from hospitalized patients in ICU wards in five hospitals of Tehran, Iran were investigated. Staphylococcus aureus isolates were submitted to susceptibility testing and Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) to detect mecA gene, class 1 and 2 integrons, and associated gene cassettes. All the isolates were genotyped by staphylococcal protein A (spa) typing. Results: The overall prevalence of Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) was found to be 86.2%. All the isolates were susceptible to vancomycin, teicoplanin and linezolid and resistant to penicillin and ampicillin. All the 80 Staphylococcus aureus isolates were observed to be multi-drug resistant. Class 1 and 2 integrons were commonly found in 56.3% and 18.7% of the isolates, respectively. Six different gene cassettes were detected in class 1 integron (aadA2, aadB, blaoxa, aacA4, cmlA6, and catB) and three were found in class 2 (dfrA1, aadA1, and sat2). Gene cassette arrays aadA, aadB, blaoxa, and aacA were common in the two integron classes of Staphylococcus aureus isolates. Five different spa types of t790, t030, t969, t7580 and t1425 were identified among our isolates where spa type t790 was the most predominant spa type among integron-bearing Staphylococcus aureus strains. Conclusions: The present study reports on a high rate of multi-drug resistance, the predominance of the frequency of class 1 integron, and the emergence of spa type t790 among Iranian Staphylococcus aureus strains. The results revealed that the dissemination of multi-drug resistance among Staphylococcus aureus isolates may be associated with the presence of integrons. Therefore, continuous surveillance to monitor integrons and the associated gene cassettes among nosocomial pathogens, especially Staphylococcus aureus, is essential.

show abstract

“…Colonized persons—including immune‐compromised individuals—facilitated the spread of S. aureus and MRSA ST8, identified as ubiquitous in various geographic areas of Nigeria . High utilization of cotrimoxazole or SXT, because of low cost and easy obtainability through lenient medication regulations, was implicated for the high resistance . Besides S. aureus , S. haemolyticus was a major species isolated; it is considered the second most clinically important Staphylococci spp., particularly in immunocompromised patients .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular epidemiology and mechanisms of antibiotic resistance in Enterococcus spp., Staphylococcus spp., and Streptococcus spp. in Africa: a systematic review from a One Health perspective

Sekyere

Mensah

2019

Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

A systematic review of antibiotic‐resistant Gram‐positive bacteria in Africa from a One Health perspective is lacking. Here, we report result from a search for English‐language articles on the resistance mechanisms and clonality of Gram‐positive bacteria in Africa between 2007 and 2019 reported in PubMed, Web of Science, ScienceDirect, and African Journals OnLine; 172 studies from 22 different African countries were identified. Resistance genes, such as mecA, erm(B), erm(C), tet(M), tet(K), tet(L), vanB, vanA, vanC, and tet(O), were found to be common. Staphylococcus spp., Enterococcus spp., and Streptococcus spp. were the main species reported by the studies, with clones such as Staphylococcus aureus ST5 (n = 218 isolates), ST8 (n = 127 isolates), ST80 (n = 133 isolates), and ST88 (n = 117 isolates), and mobile genetic elements such as IS16 (n = 28 isolates), IS256 (n = 96), Tn916 (n = 107 isolates), and SCCmec (n = 4437 isolates) identified. SCCmec IV (n = 747 isolates) was predominant, followed by SCCmec III (n = 305 isolates), SCCmec II (n = 163 isolates), SCCmec V (n = 135 isolates), and SCCmec I (n = 79 isolates). Resistance to penicillin (n = 5926 isolates), tetracycline (n = 5300 isolates), erythromycin (n = 5151 isolates), rifampicin (n = 3823 isolates), gentamycin (n = 3494 isolates), sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim (n = 3089 isolates), and ciprofloxacin (n = 2746 isolates) was common in most reports from 22 countries. Clonal dissemination of resistance across countries and between humans, animals, and the environment was observed. Resistance rates ranged from 1.4% to 100% for 15 of the studies; 10 were One Health–related studies. Strict infection control measures, antimicrobial stewardship, and periodic One Health epidemiological surveillance studies are needed to monitor and contain the threat of increasing antibiotic resistance in Africa.

show abstract

Molecular typing of antibiotic-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in Nigeria

Cited by 39 publications

References 24 publications

Distribution of Adhesion and Toxin Genes in Staphylococcus aureus Strains Recovered From Hospitalized Patients Admitted to the ICU

Distribution of Adhesion and Toxin Genes in Staphylococcus aureus Strains Recovered From Hospitalized Patients Admitted to the ICU

Distribution of spa Types, Integrons and Associated Gene Cassettes in Staphylococcus aureus Strains Isolated From Intensive Care Units of Hospitals in Tehran, Iran

Molecular epidemiology and mechanisms of antibiotic resistance in Enterococcus spp., Staphylococcus spp., and Streptococcus spp. in Africa: a systematic review from a One Health perspective

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About