Molecular typing and antimicrobial susceptibility of Clostridium perfringens from broiler chickens

Gharaibeh, Saad; Rifai, Rami Al; Al-Majali, Ahmad M.

doi:10.1016/j.anaerobe.2010.10.004

Cited by 53 publications

(45 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…Colonies will have a black appearance. 57 This microorganism can also be isolated on several other conventional anaerobic media, including thioglycollate broth, blood agar, and others. However, because C. perfringens type A is present in nearly all healthy birds, mere isolation is not diagnostic for NE.…”

Section: Diagnosis and Diagnostic Criteriamentioning

confidence: 99%

Diagnosing clostridial enteric disease in poultry

2013

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Abstract. The world's poultry industry has grown into a multibillion-dollar business, the success of which hinges on healthy intestinal tracts, which result in effective feed conversion. Enteric disease in poultry can have devastating economic effects on producers, due to high mortality rates and poor feed efficiency. Clostridia are considered to be among the most important agents of enteric disease in poultry. Diagnosis of enteric diseases produced by clostridia is usually challenging, mainly because many clostridial species can be normal inhabitants of the gut, making it difficult to determine their role in virulence. The most common clostridial enteric disease in poultry is necrotic enteritis, caused by Clostridium perfringens, which typically occurs in broiler chickens but has also been diagnosed in various avian species including turkeys, waterfowl, and ostriches. Diagnosis is based on clinical and pathological findings. Negative culture and toxin detection results may be used to rule out this disease, but isolation of C. perfringens and/or detection of its alpha toxin are of little value to confirm the disease because both are often found in the intestine of healthy birds. Ulcerative enteritis, caused by Clostridium colinum, is the other major clostridial enteric disease of poultry. Diagnosis of ulcerative enteritis is by documentation of typical pathological findings, coupled with isolation of C. colinum from the intestine of affected birds. Other clostridial enteric diseases include infections produced by Clostridium difficile, Clostridium fallax, and Clostridium baratii.

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Section: Diagnosis and Diagnostic Criteriamentioning

confidence: 99%

Diagnosing clostridial enteric disease in poultry

2013

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“…Clostridium perfringens is abundant in the soil and in the intestinal contents of animals and humans [6, 10, 15, 23]. However, C. perfringens is a pathogen that induces digestive diseases, such as diarrhea and hemorrhagic and necrotic enteritis in pigs.…”

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confidence: 99%

Distribution of <i>Clostridium perfringens</i> Isolates from Piglets in South Korea

Lee

Lim

Shin³

et al. 2014

The Journal of Veterinary Medical Science

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Clostridium perfringens causes various digestive system disease symptoms in pigs. In the present study, 11 C. perfringens isolates were obtained from diarrheic piglets and 18 from healthy piglets. All of the C. perfringens isolates were shown to be type A using a multiplex PCR assay. The β2 toxin gene was detected in 27/29 C. perfringens isolates, i.e., 81% (9/11) of diarrheic piglets and 100% (18/18) of healthy piglets, and all of the genes had the same sequence. In conclusion, the β2 toxin gene of C. perfringens was distributed widely in Korean piglets regardless of the incidence of diarrhea, and there was no clear relationship with enteric disease. A pulsed-field gel electrophoresis analysis of DNA digested using SmaI demonstrated the non-clonal spread of C. perfringens isolates from piglets.

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“…Indeed, it has been reported that a mild sub-clinical form of NE can exist even in the presence of antibiotics and more importantly, can be correlated with a larger and a more diverse C. perfringens population (Johansson et al, 2010; Lyhs et al, 2013). Given the absence of antibiotics, a less well-controlled C. perfringens population has likely played a role in the occurrence of NE outbreaks on the diseased farms of our study, as has been reported previously by others (Watkins et al, 1997; Johansson et al, 2004; Martel et al, 2004; Silva et al, 2009; Gharaibeh et al, 2010; Charlebois et al, 2012). Both antimicrobial resistance and virulence genes can contribute to the adaptation process of C. perfringens , and although the presence of antibiotic resistance genes in NE-causing strains was most probably not the cause of the NE outbreaks in the diseased farms of our field study, it may have contributed to it by fostering the colonization of these farms by C. perfringens strains harboring these plasmids (Beceiro et al, 2013).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 55%

Recurring Necrotic Enteritis Outbreaks in Commercial Broiler Chicken Flocks Strongly Influence Toxin Gene Carriage and Species Richness in the Resident Clostridium perfringens Population

et al. 2017

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Extensive use of antibiotic growth promoters (AGPs) in food animals has been questioned due to the globally increasing problem of antibiotic resistance. For the poultry industry, digestive health management following AGP withdrawal in Europe has been a challenge, especially the control of necrotic enteritis. Much research work has focused on gut health in commercial broiler chicken husbandry. Understanding the behavior of Clostridium perfringens in its ecological niche, the poultry barn, is key to a sustainable and cost-effective production in the absence of AGPs. Using polymerase chain reaction and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis, we evaluated how the C. perfringens population evolved in drug-free commercial broiler chicken farms, either healthy or affected with recurring clinical necrotic enteritis outbreaks, over a 14-month period. We show that a high genotypic richness was associated with an increased risk of clinical necrotic enteritis. Also, necrotic enteritis-affected farms had a significant reduction of C. perfringens genotypic richness over time, an increase in the proportion of C. perfringens strains harboring the cpb2 gene, the netB gene, or both. Thus, necrotic enteritis occurrence is correlated with the presence of an initial highly diverse C. perfringens population, increasing the opportunity for the selective sweep of particularly virulent genotypes. Disease outbreaks also appear to largely influence the evolution of this bacterial species in poultry farms over time.

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Molecular typing and antimicrobial susceptibility of Clostridium perfringens from broiler chickens

Cited by 53 publications

References 23 publications

Diagnosing clostridial enteric disease in poultry

Diagnosing clostridial enteric disease in poultry

Distribution of <i>Clostridium perfringens</i> Isolates from Piglets in South Korea

Recurring Necrotic Enteritis Outbreaks in Commercial Broiler Chicken Flocks Strongly Influence Toxin Gene Carriage and Species Richness in the Resident Clostridium perfringens Population

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