Molecular Transformation and Characterizations of Super-deamidated Wheat Gluten by a Tunable Hydrated Ternary Natural Deep Eutectic Solvent

Abstract

The utilization of natural deep eutectic solvents (NADESs) for super-deamidation of wheat gluten represents a costeffective approach to expand its potential applications as a plant protein source and reduce the occurrence of allergens. However, NADESs are susceptible to deconstruction during hydration, leading to unstable super-deamidation. Herein, we prepared a ternary hydrated NADES (HB 3 C 1 G 1 -N) composed of betaine, citric acid, and glucose, doubling the protein preparation concentration (50 mg/mL) compared to previous work and achieving a record-breaking degree of super-deamidation at 99.58%. Experimental and computational analyses revealed that the betaine in the NADES autonomously interacts with the citric acid and glucose at the hydrogen bond acceptor sites during hydration, reversing the disassembly of the hydrogen bond network in water and playing a crucial role in the accessibility of the buried amide group. The super-deamidated wheat gluten exhibited structural characteristics, such as fewer disulfide bonds and more low-molecular-weight subunits, resulting in a lightning-like microstructure in the model emulsion and improving the stability of oil droplets. This work demonstrates a green and scalable super-deamidation pathway and provides a foundation for broadening the application of super-deamidated wheat gluten.

The effects of experimental conditions on extraction of polyphenols from African Nutmeg peels using NADESs-UAE: A Multifactorial Modelling Technique

“…In light of these observations, it is evident that further exploration into the tunability of NADES and the application of advanced optimization methodologies could signi cantly contribute to the re nement and enhancement of ultrasound-assisted extraction processes. Such advancements not only promise to elevate the e ciency and sustainability of extracting valuable phytochemicals from plant materials but also offer a pathway One study revealed that the TFC yield was twice as high when using green technology and green solvents [ 47 ]. In a study of DESs prepared with citric acid:malic acid:water (1:1:10), the TFC values of the persimmon pulp were determined, and the value was calculated as 2.…”