Molecular target interactions of quinoline derivatives as anticancer agents: A review

Abstract

One of the leading causes of death worldwide is cancer, which poses substantial risks to both society and an individual's life. Cancer therapy is still challenging, despite developments in the field and continued research into cancer prevention. The search for novel anticancer active agents with a broader cytotoxicity range is therefore continuously ongoing. The benzene ring gets fused to a pyridine ring at two carbon atoms close to one another to form the double ring structure of the heterocyclic aromatic nitrogen molecule known as quinoline (1‐azanaphthalene). Quinoline derivatives contain a wide range of pharmacological activities, including antitubercular, antifungal, antibacterial, and antimalarial properties. Quinoline derivatives have also been shown to have anticancer properties. There are many quinoline derivatives widely available as anticancer drugs that act via a variety of mechanisms on various molecular targets, such as inhibition of topoisomerase, inhibition of tyrosine kinases, inhibition of heat shock protein 90 (Hsp90), inhibition of histone deacetylases (HDACs), inhibition of cell cycle arrest and apoptosis, and inhibition of tubulin polymerization.

Increased Free Radical Generation during the Interaction of a Quinone-Quinoline Chelator with Metal Ions and the Enhancing Effect of Light

“…The chelating center of Q1 comprises the nitrogen of the quinoline part, which acts as a Schiff base, and the adjacent oxygen of the quinone. Quinoline and its derivatives have wide biological and pharmacological applications, including anticancer and antimicrobial activity [ 31 , 32 , 33 , 34 , 35 , 36 , 37 , 38 , 39 , 40 ]. Similar diverse activity has also been shown by transition and other metal complexes of quinoline and its derivatives, such as 8-hydroxyquinoline ( Figure 1 ) [ 41 , 42 , 43 , 44 , 45 , 46 , 47 , 48 , 49 , 50 ].…”