Molecular Systematics of Threatened Seed Plant Species Endemic in the Caribbean Islands

Oleas, Nora H.; Jestrow, Brett; Calonje, Michael; Peguero, Brígido; Jiménez, Francisco; Rodríguez-Peña, Rosa A.; Oviedo, Ramona; Santiago‐Valentín, Eugenio; Meerow, Alan W.; Abdo, Melissa; Maunder, Michael; Griffith, M. Patrick; Francisco‐Ortega, Javier

doi:10.1007/s12229-013-9130-y

Cited by 6 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 53 publications

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“…The isolation of the mountain chains and ranges is one of the causes of the high rate of endemics: 2,050 (34.16%) out of a total of 6,000 species (Mej ıa, 2006), representing 50% of the 12,000 species included in Oleas et al (2013), and 25.6% of the endemics in the Caribbean. Global change is endangering the conservation of this endemic flora (Weller, Sunding, and Sakai, 2013) and creating the need for predictive models for its conservation (Addison et al, 2013).…”

Section: A01 A02 A03 A04mentioning

confidence: 99%

Distribution patterns of endemic flora to define hotspots on Hispaniola

Cano-Ortíz¹,

Musarella

Fuentes

et al. 2016

Systematics and Biodiversity

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Nineteen areas on the island of Hispaniola (Haiti and the Dominican Republic) were studied with the aim of determining the distribution pattern of the endemic flora in these areas, and their variability with altitude. The main concentration of endemic species occurs in mountains with a medium altitude and in certain mountain sites (palaeo-islands), which coincide with hotspots; a lower number of endemics are found in low-lying areas (coldspots), due to the degradation of their habitats. A total of 1,582 endemic species were studied and were distributed in 19 areas. The whole island is of outstanding interest for its richness in endemics; it has 2,050 endemic species, representing 34.16% of its total flora. The territory in the study is home to 1,284 genera of which 31 are endemic to the island, including monotypical genera such as Tortuella abietifolia Urb. & Ekman, and endemic genera such as Hottea, containing seven endemic species. The sites with the highest rate of endemics are area A16 in the central range with a total of 440 endemic species, of which 278 are exclusive to the territory; and the Sierra de Bahoruco, la Selle, La Hotte and Tibur on in area A12, where we found 699 plants of which 482 are endemic and exclusive to the area; and A13 with 173 and 129 respectively. This work highlights the exceptional floristic diversity in endemic species and genera and analyses their distribution patterns as a tool for conservation in this area of the world, whose high endemicity rate makes it one of the most significant hotspots in the Caribbean.

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Section: A01 A02 A03 A04mentioning

confidence: 99%

Distribution patterns of endemic flora to define hotspots on Hispaniola

Cano-Ortíz¹,

Musarella

Fuentes

et al. 2016

Systematics and Biodiversity

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“…The Caribbean region, including the Greater and Lesser Antilles, contains about 13,000 seed plant species. Of these, 72% are endemic to the region and at least 10% are either endangered or critically endangered sensu the International Union for Conservation of Nature (Acevedo‐Rodríguez & Strong, ; Oleas et al., ). Comparative studies have shown a floristic affinity between the Caribbean islands and the surrounding mainland (Acevedo‐Rodríguez & Strong, ), but our understanding of the underlying evolutionary processes that shaped this diversity is still limited (Francisco‐Ortega et al., ; Graham, ; Nieto‐Blázquez, Antonelli, & Roncal, ; Santiago‐Valentin & Olmstead, ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The roles of dispersal and mass extinction in shaping palm diversity across the Caribbean

Cano

Bacon

Stauffer

et al. 2018

Journal of Biogeography

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Aim: The rich flora of the Caribbean islands and surrounding mainland evolved in a context of isolation alternated with phases of terrestrial connectivity between landmasses, climatic fluctuations and episodes of mass extinctions during the Cenozoic.We explored how these events affected the evolution of the sister palm tribes Cryosophileae and Sabaleae, and how continent-island exchanges, endemic radiations and mass extinction shaped their extant diversity.Location: The American continent including the Caribbean region. Methods:We reconstructed a time-calibrated phylogeny of the palm tribes Cryosophileae and Sabaleae using 84% of the known species. We inferred ancestral distribution and tested the effect of island colonization and mass extinction on extant diversity. Results: Our results indicate that Cryosophileae and Sabaleae originated c. 77 Ma most probably in Laurasia, and their extant species started to diversify between 56-35 Ma and 19-10 Ma respectively. Biogeographical state reconstruction estimated that Cryosophileae dispersed to South America between 56-35 Ma, then dispersed to North-Central America between 39-25 Ma and the Caribbean islands between 34-21 Ma. We detected a possible signature of a mass extinction event at the end of the Eocene, affecting the diversification of Cryosophileae and Sabaleae and we did not detect a diversification rate shift related to the colonization of the Caribbean islands. Main conclusions: Species of Cryosophileae in the Caribbean islands are probably derived from a single Oligocene dispersal event that likely occurred overwater from North-Central America rather than through the hypothesized GAARlandia land bridge. Contrastingly, three independent Miocene dispersal events from North-Central America explain the occurrence of Sabaleae in the Caribbean islands. Contrary to our expectations, island colonization did not trigger increased diversification.Instead, we find that diversification patterns in this clade, and its disappearance from northernmost latitudes, could be the signature of a mass extinction triggered by the global temperature decline at the end of the Eocene.

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“…The role of neighbouring continents as a primary source of colonizing biota has long been recognized by authors who have compiled plant distribution data for the region (Alain, ; Howard, ; Borhidi, ; Acevedo‐Rodríguez & Strong, ). More recently, molecular phylogenetic studies have shown that the closest extant relatives of many Caribbean insular plant taxa are indeed found in South, Central and North America (see reviews by Santiago‐Valentin & Olmstead, ; Maunder et al ., ; Oleas et al ., ). A few studies, however, have also revealed unexpected biogeographical links with the Old World, notably tropical Africa and the Pacific (Motley, Wurdack & Delprete, ; Mort et al ., ; Andrus et al ., ; Graham, ; Namoff et al ., ), indicating that our understanding of the processes that have shaped the Caribbean insular flora is still far from adequate.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Phylogenetics, delimitation and historical biogeography of the pantropical tree genusThespesia(Malvaceae, Gossypieae)

Areces-Berazain

Ackerman

2016

Bot. J. Linn. Soc.

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Thespesia consists of 16 species of trees and shrubs from Southeast Asia-Oceania, Africa and America, the most well known being T. populnea, a small tree of tropical coastal areas around the world. Phylogenetic relationships in the genus and among its allies in tribe Gossypieae were inferred using three plastid and two nuclear regions to ascertain its generic delimitation and explore its biogeographical history. Maximum-likelihood and Bayesian analyses confirmed that Thespesia is not monophyletic and, based on these results, Azanza is reinstated to accommodate the two species previously placed in Thespesia section Lampas. Dating analyses and ancestral range estimation indicated that Thespesia s.s. most likely originated in Southeast Asia-Oceania c. 30 Mya, but extant species did not begin to differentiate until the late Miocene. Two dispersal events, one into Africa c. 11 Mya and another into America (Antilles) c. 9 Mya, gave rise to the African and the Greater Antillean endemics, respectively. The two most widespread hydrochorous species, T. populnea and T. populneoides, originated in Southeast Asia-Oceania from where they spread to other parts of the world. Our analysis also indicated a much earlier origin than previously reported for the eumalvoid clade and its tribes Gossypieae, Malveae and Hibisceae suggesting that vicariance might have had an important role early in the history of these groups.

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Molecular Systematics of Threatened Seed Plant Species Endemic in the Caribbean Islands

Cited by 6 publications

References 53 publications

Distribution patterns of endemic flora to define hotspots on Hispaniola

Distribution patterns of endemic flora to define hotspots on Hispaniola

The roles of dispersal and mass extinction in shaping palm diversity across the Caribbean

Phylogenetics, delimitation and historical biogeography of the pantropical tree genusThespesia(Malvaceae, Gossypieae)

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