Molecular systematics of the digenean community parasitising the cerithiid gastropod Clypeomorus batillariaeformis Habe & Kusage on the Great Barrier Reef

Abstract

A rich fauna of digenetic trematodes has been documented from the Great Barrier Reef (GBR), yet little is known of the complex life-cycles of these parasites which occur in this diverse marine ecosystem. At Heron Island, a small coral cay at the southern end of the GBR, the intertidal marine gastropod Clypeomorus batillariaeformis Habe & Kusage (Cerithiidae) is especially abundant. This gastropod serves as an intermediate host for 12 trematode species utilising both fish and avian definitive hosts. However, 11 of these species have been characterised solely with morphological data. Between 2015 and 2018 we collected 4870C. batillariaeformis from Heron Island to recollect these species with the goal of using molecular data to resolve their phylogenetic placement. We found eight of the 12 previously known species and two new forms, bringing the total number of digenean species known to parasitise C. batillariaeformis to 14. The families of this trematode community now include the Atractotrematidae Yamaguti, 1939, Bivesiculidae Yamaguti, 1934, Cyathocotylidae Mühling, 1898, Hemiuridae Looss, 1899, Heterophyidae Leiper, 1909, Himasthlidae Odhner, 1910, Microphallidae Ward, 1901, and Renicolidae Dollfus, 1939. Molecular data (ITS and 28S rDNA) were generated for all trematode species, and the phylogenetic position of each species was determined. The digenean community parasitising C. batillariaeformis includes several common species, as well as multiple species which are uncommon to rare. Although most of those trematodes in the community which exploit fishes as definitive hosts have remained common, the composition of those which utilise birds appears to have shifted over time.

Heterophyid trematodes (Digenea) from penguins: A new species of Ascocotyle Looss, 1899, first description of metacercaria of Ascocotyle (A.) patagoniensis Hernández-Orts, Montero, Crespo, García, Raga and Aznar, 2012, and first molecular data

“…auratus ThailandHQ874609Thaenkham et al (Unpublished data) Cryptocotyle lingua (Creplin, 1825)C Littorina littorea (Linnaeus)GermanyAY222228Olson et al (2003) Euryhelmis costaricensis Brenes, Arroyo & Jiménez-Quirós, 1960M Hynobius lichenatus BoulengerFukushima, JapanAB521799Sato et al (2010) Galactosomum bearupi Pearson, 1973C Clypeomorus batillariaeformis Habe & KosugeHeron Island, AustraliaMH257773Huston et al (2018) Galactosomum lacteum (Jägerskiöld, 1896)A Phalacrocorax carbo (Linnaeus)UkraineAY222227Olson et al (2003) Galactosomum sp.C C . batillariaeformis Heron Island, AustraliaMH257775Huston et al (2018) Galactosomum sp.C C . batillariaeformis Heron Island, AustraliaMH257774Huston et al (2018) Galactosomum ubelakeri (Dailey, 1969)A C .…”

“…batillariaeformis Heron Island, AustraliaMH257775Huston et al (2018) Galactosomum sp.C C . batillariaeformis Heron Island, AustraliaMH257774Huston et al (2018) Galactosomum ubelakeri (Dailey, 1969)A C . ursinus St.…”

Pronocephaloid cercariae (Platyhelminthes: Trematoda) from gastropods of the Queensland coast, Australia

“…Sequence fragment amplifications of pronocephaloids were mostly obtained from individual cercariae or rediae through direct polymerase chain reaction (PCR) (see Huston et al ., 2018), but in some cases total genomic DNA was extracted using phenol/chloroform extraction techniques (Sambrook & Russell, 2001). Pronocephaloids were genetically characterized by complete ITS2 and partial 28S rDNA, and vermetid hosts by partial 16S rDNA.…”

“…Direct PCR for the ITS2 and 28S regions was performed following Huston et al . (2018). Genomic DNA-based PCR for all regions was performed following Cutmore et al .…”

“…The ITS2 rDNA region was amplified using the primers 3S (Morgan & Blair, 1995) and ITS2.2 (Cribb et al, 1998), the partial D1-D3 28S rDNA region using LSU5 (Littlewood, 1994) and 1500R (Snyder & Tkach, 2001) and the partial 16S rDNA region using 16SARL-CBU (5'-CGC CTG TWT ADC AAA AAC ATG-3') and 16SBRH (5'-CCG GTC TGA ACT CAG ATC ACG-3') (both modified from Palumbi, 1996). Direct PCR for the ITS2 and 28S regions was performed following Huston et al (2018). Genomic DNA-based PCR for all regions was performed following Cutmore et al (2016).…”