Molecular systematics and time-scale for the evolution of Timarcha, a leaf-beetle genus with a disjunct Holarctic distribution

Gómez‐Zurita, Jesús

doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2004.02.009

Cited by 22 publications

(21 citation statements)

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“…The tree was scaled for absolute ages by enforcing the oldest leaf beetle fossil ages to the relevant nodes as minimum ages, and by setting the split of Nearctic and Palearctic lineages of Timarchini to 48 Mya [17] (Figure 2). This places the origin of the Chrysomelidae s. str.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We greatly expand taxon sampling for existing 18S rRNA (SSU) data and add two further (partial) ribosomal genes, mitochondrial 16S rRNA ( rrnL ) and nuclear 28S rRNA (LSU). The new tree is dated using fossils and a recent biogeographical estimate based on the Eocene split of Nearctic and Palearctic lineages of Timarchini [17]. These calibrations result in a younger age of major lineages than assumed by previous authors, and contradict the notion of an ancestral lineage association of angiosperms and phytophagous Chrysomelidae.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 89%

“…In addition, a biogeographic calibration was used applying a well-established vicariant split of western Palearctic Timarcha and Nearctic Americanotimarcha [52] with the Eocene (34–49 Mya; [53]) opening of the North Atlantic. This node was dated to approximately 48 Mya in a previous work [17]. Following [54], we estimated the 94% confidence intervals for clade ages given the stochastic error of rate variation along branches.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Recalibrated Tree of Leaf Beetles (Chrysomelidae) Indicates Independent Diversification of Angiosperms and Their Insect Herbivores

et al. 2007

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BackgroundThe great diversity of the “Phytophaga” (weevils, longhorn beetles and leaf beetles) has been attributed to their co-radiation with the angiosperms based on matching age estimates for both groups, but phylogenetic information and molecular clock calibrations remain insufficient for this conclusion.MethodologyA phylogenetic analysis of the leaf beetles (Chrysomelidae) was conducted based on three partial ribosomal gene markers (mitochondrial rrnL, nuclear small and large subunit rRNA) including over 3000 bp for 167 taxa representing most major chrysomelid lineages and outgroups. Molecular clock calibrations and confidence intervals were based on paleontological data from the oldest (K-T boundary) leaf beetle fossil, ancient feeding traces ascribed to hispoid Cassidinae, and the vicariant split of Nearctic and Palearctic members of the Timarchini.Principal FindingsThe origin of the Chrysomelidae was dated to 73–79 Mya (confidence interval 63–86 Mya), and most subfamilies were post-Cretaceous, consistent with the ages of all confirmed body fossils. Two major monocot feeding chrysomelid lineages formed widely separated clades, demonstrating independent colonization of this ancient (early Cretaceous) angiosperm lineage.ConclusionsPrevious calibrations proposing a much older origin of Chrysomelidae were not supported. Therefore, chrysomelid beetles likely radiated long after the origin of their host lineages and their diversification was driven by repeated radiaton on a pre-existing diverse resource, rather than ancient host associations.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 89%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Recalibrated Tree of Leaf Beetles (Chrysomelidae) Indicates Independent Diversification of Angiosperms and Their Insect Herbivores

et al. 2007

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“…2A-2B), which are the modal and presumably the possible plesiomorphous state for this group, as well as for the whole beetles of the suborder Polyphaga (Smith 1952; Smith and Virkki 1978; Angus et al 2007). However, some caution should be exerted before assuming the previous point, because the two most ancestral extant subgenera of Timarcha , Americanotimarcha and Metallotimarc ha, both on morphological and molecular grounds (Iablokoff-Khnzorian 1966; Jolivet 1989; Gómez-Zurita et al 2000; Gómez-Zurita 2004), comprise only species showing the highest diploid numbers found in the genus, 2n = 38 and 2n = 44 (Petitpierre and Jolivet, 1976, Jolivet and Petitpierre 1992; Petitpierre, unpublished). If these high numbers were the possible plesiomorphous condition for the chromosomal evolution in Timarcha , how could have derived all the common 20-chromosome species by independent processes?…”

Section: Chromosome Numbers and Sex-chromosome Systemsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cytogenetics, cytotaxonomy and chromosomal evolution of Chrysomelinae revisited (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae)

Petitpierre¹

2011

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Nearly 260 taxa and chromosomal races of subfamily Chrysomelinae have been chromosomally analyzed showing a wide range of diploid numbers from 2n = 12 to 2n = 50, and four types of male sex-chromosome systems. with the parachute-like ones Xyp and XYp clearly prevailing (79.0%), but with the XO well represented too (19.75%). The modal haploid number for chrysomelines is n = 12 (34.2%) although it is not probably the presumed most plesiomorph for the whole subfamily, because in tribe Timarchini the modal number is n = 10 (53.6%) and in subtribe Chrysomelina n = 17 (65.7%). Some well sampled genera, such as Timarcha, Chrysolina and Cyrtonus, are variable in diploid numbers, whereas others, like Chrysomela, Paropsisterna, Oreina and Leptinotarsa, are conservative and these differences are discussed. The main shifts in the chromosomal evolution of Chrysomelinae seems to be centric fissions and pericentric inversions but other changes as centric fusions are also clearly demonstrated. The biarmed chromosome shape is the prevalent condition, as found in most Coleoptera, although a fair number of species hold a few uniarmed chromosomes at least. A significant negative correlation between the haploid numbers and the asymmetry in size of karyotypes (r = -0.74) has been found from a large sample of 63 checked species of ten different genera. Therefore, the increases in haploid number are generally associated with a higher karyotype symmetry.

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“…Th e female vulva was removed and muscle tissues were digested using a KOH (35%) solution before observation. Leg spination was recorded using the codifi cation method fully described in Arnedo and Ribera (1997 (Gantenbein 2004), beetles (Gómez-Zurita 2004) and newts (Carranza and Arnold 2003). A second data matrix was built to investigate phylogeographic patterns in D. shardana sp.…”

Section: Taxonomymentioning

confidence: 99%

Systematics and phylogeography of the Dysdera erythrina species complex (Araneae, Dysderidae) in Sardinia

Arnedo¹,

Gasparo²,

Opatová³

2009

809

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Sardinia is the second largest island in the Mediterranean and, together with Corsica and nearby mainland areas, one of the top biodiversity hotspots in the region. Th e origin of Sardinia goes back to the opening of the western Mediterranean in the late Oligocene. Th is geological event and the subsequent Messinian Salinity Crisis and Pleistocene glacial cycles have had a major impact on local biodiversity. Th e Dysdera woodlouse hunter spiders are one of the most diverse ground-dweller groups in the Mediterranean. Here we describe the fi rst two species of this genus endemic to Sardinia: Dysdera jana sp. n. and Dysdera shardana sp. n. Th e two species show contrasting allopatric distribution: D. jana sp. n. is a narrow endemic while D. shardana sp. n. is distributed throughout most of the island. A multi-gene DNA sequence phylogenetic analysis based on mitochondrial and nuclear genes supports the close relationships of the new species to the type species of the genus Dysdera erythrina. Age estimates reject an Oligocene origin of the new Dysdera species and identify the Messinian Salinity Crises as the most plausible period for the split between Sardinian endemics and their closest relatives. Phylogeographic analysis reveals deep genetic divergences and population structure in Dysdera shardana sp. n., suggesting that restriction to gene fl ow, probably due to environmental factors, could explain local speciation events.

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Molecular systematics and time-scale for the evolution of Timarcha, a leaf-beetle genus with a disjunct Holarctic distribution

Cited by 22 publications

References 48 publications

Recalibrated Tree of Leaf Beetles (Chrysomelidae) Indicates Independent Diversification of Angiosperms and Their Insect Herbivores

Recalibrated Tree of Leaf Beetles (Chrysomelidae) Indicates Independent Diversification of Angiosperms and Their Insect Herbivores

Cytogenetics, cytotaxonomy and chromosomal evolution of Chrysomelinae revisited (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae)

Systematics and phylogeography of the Dysdera erythrina species complex (Araneae, Dysderidae) in Sardinia

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