Molecular Survey of Vector-Borne Pathogens of Dogs and Cats in Two Regions of Saudi Arabia

Alanazi, Abdullah D.; Alouffi, Abdulaziz; Alyousif, Mohamed S; Alshahrani, Mohammad Y.; Abdullah, Hend H.A.M.; Abdel-Shafy, Sobhy; Calvani, Nichola Eliza Davies; Ansari-Lari, Maryam; Sazmand, Alireza; Otranto, Domenico

doi:10.3390/pathogens10010025

Cited by 13 publications

(7 citation statements)

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“…Evidence of Bartonella bacteremia was found in 13 cats, however, all dogs were negative to Bartonella in this study. In cats, this positive proportion contrasted with other Bartonella prevalence reported in Brazil [18,19], Greece [20], Italy [21,22], Germany [23], New Caledonia [24], USA [25][26][27][28][29], Saudi Arabia [30], Israel [31], Portugal [32], France [33,34], and Thailand [17], but was significantly similar with studies in Italy [35,36], Spain [37], Scotland [38], Ireland [39], and China [13]. Moreover, our study also demonstrated that the prevalence of Bartonella spp.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 83%

Molecular Detection of Bartonella spp. and Hematological Evaluation in Domestic Cats and Dogs from Bangkok, Thailand

2021

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(1) Background: Bartonella spp. are Gram-negative, facultative, intracellular bacteria transmitted by hematophagous insects. Several species cause zoonotic diseases such as cat-scratch disease. Bartonella henselae and Bartonella clarridgeiae are the main species found in Thailand, however, there have been few studies on Bartonella spp. In addition, the hematological evaluation of Bartonella-infected animals is limited in Thailand. The aims of this study were prevalence investigation and hematological evaluation of Bartonella-infected dogs and cats residing in Bangkok, Thailand. (2) Methods: In total, 295 dogs and 513 cats were molecularly evaluated to detect Bartonella spp. using PCR with primers targeting the partial gltA, rpoB, ftsZ, ribC, and groEL genes. In total, 651 domestic animals were evaluated for hematological parameters compared between Bartonella-positive and Bartonella-negative animals. (3) Results: Overall, the prevalence of Bartonella spp. was 1.61% which was found only in free-ranging cats (2.83%). Bartonella henselae and B. clarridgeiae were confirmed from a concatenated phylogenetic tree of partial gltA and ribC genes, with 100% bootstrapping replication. For other housekeeping gene sequences, mixed infection was expected from the amplicons of rpoB, ftsZ, and groEL. Importantly, the mean corpuscular volume (MCV) was significantly increased in Bartonella-positive cats. (4) Conclusions: We suggest that B. henselae and B. clarridgeiae are important species and are still circulating in domestic animals, especially cats. The evaluation of blood parameters, especially a raised MCV, should be of concern in Bartonella infection in asymptomatic cats. Additionally, the knowledge of how to prevent Bartonella-related diseases should be promoted with people in at-risk situations.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 83%

Molecular Detection of Bartonella spp. and Hematological Evaluation in Domestic Cats and Dogs from Bangkok, Thailand

2021

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“…Studies have successfully transmitted feline hemoplasma infection via subcutaneous inoculation of blood containing low numbers of organisms, suggesting possibility of pathogens transmission by ghting and biting in the eld 35 . Association of infection rate and higher age of dogs is in agreement with the recent studies, which reported hemoplasmas to be more prevalent in older dogs 24,33,36 and could be due to longer exposure time to pathogen. However, we found no signi cant association between hemoplasma infection rate and gender or breed, which is in accordance with previous reports in Cuba 37 , Nigeria 38 , Turkey 29 and Mediterranean countries 39 .…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

“…Canine hemoplasmas have been reported from many regions including the Middle East such as Turkey 22 , Qatar 23 , Saudi Arabia 24 and Egypt 25 however, there is shortage of information about these parasites in Iran as in the previous studies, limited number of dogs from two cities (i.e. Shiraz and Esfahan) were examined 26,27 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular detection and identification of hemotropic Mycoplasma species in dogs and their ectoparasites in Iran

Beus,

Goudarztalejerdi,

Sazmand

2023

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Hemotropic Mycoplasma species are vector-borne bacteria that attach and grow on the surface of erythrocytes in various mammals, yet reports of canine hemoplasmosis in Iran are scarce. The aim of this study was molecular detection and identification of hemoplasmas in the blood of dogs (n = 370) from five provinces of Iran and ectoparasites infesting them including Ctenocephalides canis and Pulex irritans fleas, Rhipicephalus sanguineus sensu lato ticks, Heterodoxus spiniger lice and Hippobosca longipennis keds. The presence of hemotropic Mycoplasma spp. pathogens were detected using group-specific, and identified using species-specific conventional PCRs detecting Mycoplasma haemocanis (Mhc) and Candidatus Mycoplasma haematoparvum (CMhp) followed by Sanger sequencing. Correlation of infection and risk factors (geographical area, keeping condition, body condition, sex, age, infestation with ectoparasite) were analyzed. In total, 210 dogs (56.7%) tested PCR-positive for hemotropic Mycoplasma spp. Species-specific PCR and sequencing revealed infection with Mhc in 17.8%, with CMhp in 7.02% and co-infection in 31.9% of dogs. Flea infestation, poor body condition, and being older than 3-years-old correlated with hemoplasmosis. In ectoparasites, DNA of hemoplasmas were detected only in fleas i.e. Mhc in P. irritans, CMhp in P. irritans and C. canis, and co-infection with Mhc an CMhp in C. canis. To our knowledge, this is the first large-scale molecular epidemiology study of canine hemoplasmosis in Iran. Considering the high prevalence of canine hemoplasmosis all over the country including potentially zoonotic CMhp, effective ectoparasite control strategies, regular examination of dogs, successful chemoprophylaxis and public awareness strategies are advocated.

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“…An increased prevalence has been especially reported in warmer regions; for example, in a study conducted in California, the seroprevalence in cats was 80% compared to 0% in a study conducted in Norway [ 17 , 18 ]. In studies conducted in the Middle East, including Saudi Arabia and Iraq, seroprevalence rates in cats were found to be 15% for B. henselae and 12.6% for B. clarridgeiae whereas Bartonella DNA positivity was 9.25% [ 19 , 20 ]. In Iran, Bartonella DNA positivity was reported to vary from 14% to 74.2% in dogs [ 21 , 22 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular prevalence and genetic diversity of Bartonella spp. in stray cats of İzmir, Turkey

et al. 2022

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Background Bartonella spp. are vector-borne pathogens that cause zoonotic infections in humans. One of the most well-known of these is cat-scratch disease caused by Bartonella henselae and Bartonella clarridgeiae, with cats being the major reservoir for these two bacteria. Izmir, Turkey is home to many stray cats, but their potential role as a reservoir for the transmission of Bartonella to humans has not been investigated yet. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of Bartonella species and their genetic diversity in stray cats living in Izmir. Methods Molecular prevalence of Bartonella spp. in stray cats (n = 1012) was investigated using a PCR method targeting the 16S-23S internal transcribed spacer gene (ITS), species identification was performed by sequencing and genetic diversity was evaluated by haplotype analysis. Results Analysis of the DNA extracted from 1012 blood samples collected from stray cats revealed that 122 samples were Bartonella-positive, which is a molecular prevalence of 12.05% (122/1012; 95% confidence interval [CI] 10.1–14.2%). Among the Bartonella-positive specimens, 100 (100/122; 81.96%) were successfully sequenced, and B. henselae (45/100; 45%), B. clarridgeiae (29/100; 29%) and Bartonella koehlerae (26/100; 26%) were identified by BLAST and phylogenetic analyses. High genetic diversity was detected in B. clarridgeiae with 19 haplotypes, followed by B. henselae (14 haplotypes) and B. koehlerae (8 haplotypes). Conclusions This comprehensive study analyzing a large number of samples collected from stray cats showed that Bartonella species are an important source of infection to humans living in Izmir. In addition, high genetic diversity was detected within each Bartonella species.

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Molecular Survey of Vector-Borne Pathogens of Dogs and Cats in Two Regions of Saudi Arabia

Cited by 13 publications

References 50 publications

Molecular Detection of Bartonella spp. and Hematological Evaluation in Domestic Cats and Dogs from Bangkok, Thailand

Molecular Detection of Bartonella spp. and Hematological Evaluation in Domestic Cats and Dogs from Bangkok, Thailand

Molecular detection and identification of hemotropic Mycoplasma species in dogs and their ectoparasites in Iran

Molecular prevalence and genetic diversity of Bartonella spp. in stray cats of İzmir, Turkey

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