Molecular survey of pathogenic trypanosomes in naturally infected Nigerian cattle

Takeet, M. I.; Fagbemi, Benjamin O.; Donato, Marcos De; Yakubu, Abdulmojeed; Rodulfo, Hectorina; Peters, Sunday O.; Wheto, Mathew; Imumorin, Ikhide G.

doi:10.1016/j.rvsc.2012.10.018

Cited by 52 publications

(48 citation statements)

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“…Most previous studies have used parasitological techniques that have low specificity for differentiating trypanosome strains to determine prevalence [48]; although T. vivax is slightly larger and more motile than T. congolense , it is not always straightforward to differentiate ‘slow T. vivax ’ in a blood sample from an active T. congolense parasite. Takeet and others [49] similarly show that where both microscopy and PCR are applied, microscopy erroneously identifies T. vivax as the most prevalent species and fails to identify T. congolense . Since T. congolense is more pathogenic than T. vivax for cattle [34], the high prevalence observed here has serious implications for animal health and productivity.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A longitudinal survey of African animal trypanosomiasis in domestic cattle on the Jos Plateau, Nigeria: prevalence, distribution and risk factors

et al. 2013

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BackgroundTrypanosomiasis is a widespread disease of livestock in Nigeria and a major constraint to the rural economy. The Jos Plateau, Nigeria was free from tsetse flies and the trypanosomes they transmit due to its high altitude and the absence of animal trypanosomiasis attracted large numbers of cattle-keeping pastoralists to inhabit the plateau. The Jos Plateau now plays a significant role in the national cattle industry, accommodating approximately 7% of the national herd and supporting 300,000 pastoralists and over one million cattle. However, during the past two decades tsetse flies have invaded the Jos Plateau and animal trypanosomiasis has become a significant problem for livestock keepers.MethodsIn 2008 a longitudinal two-stage cluster survey on the Jos Plateau. Cattle were sampled in the dry, early wet and late wet seasons. Parasite identification was undertaken using species-specific polymerase chain reactions to determine the prevalence and distribution bovine trypanosomiasis. Logistic regression was performed to determine risk factors for disease.ResultsThe prevalence of bovine trypanosomiasis (Trypanosoma brucei brucei, Trypanosoma congolense savannah, Trypanosoma vivax) across the Jos Plateau was found to be high at 46.8% (39.0 – 54.5%) and significant, seasonal variation was observed between the dry season and the end of the wet season. T. b. brucei was observed at a prevalence of 3.2% (1% – 5.5%); T. congolense at 27.7% (21.8% - 33.6%) and T. vivax at 26.7% (18.2% - 35.3%). High individual variation was observed in trypanosomiasis prevalence between individual villages on the Plateau, ranging from 8.8% to 95.6%. Altitude was found to be a significant risk factor for trypanosomiasis whilst migration also influenced risk for animal trypanosomiasis.ConclusionsTrypanosomiasis is now endemic on the Jos Plateau showing high prevalence in cattle and is influenced by seasonality, altitude and migration practices. Attempts to successfully control animal trypanosomiasis on the Plateau will need to take into account the large variability in trypanosomiasis infection rates between villages, the influence of land use, and husbandry and management practices of the pastoralists, all of which affect the epidemiology of the disease.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A longitudinal survey of African animal trypanosomiasis in domestic cattle on the Jos Plateau, Nigeria: prevalence, distribution and risk factors

et al. 2013

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“…Trypanosoma b. brucei is found in various domestic ungulates but it is particularly virulent in dogs, camels and horses, the latter often succumbing to infection within a few months in the absence of treatment. In areas where more than one trypanosome species is present, mixed infections in domestic animals are often encountered (Kihurani et al 1994; Auty et al 2008; Biryomumaisho et al 2013; Takeet et al 2013; Moti et al 2015) and modern molecular techniques (Desquesnes and Davila, 2002) facilitate speciation. Many wild animal species in Africa also host one or more trypanosome species and can serve as reservoirs for both human and domestic animal infective trypanosomes (Mulla and Rickman, 1988; Auty et al 2012).…”

Section: The Animal Trypanosomiases: Distribution Transmission Hostmentioning

confidence: 99%

The animal trypanosomiases and their chemotherapy: a review

et al. 2016

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SUMMARYPathogenic animal trypanosomes affecting livestock have represented a major constraint to agricultural development in Africa for centuries, and their negative economic impact is increasing in South America and Asia. Chemotherapy and chemoprophylaxis represent the main means of control. However, research into new trypanocides has remained inadequate for decades, leading to a situation where the few compounds available are losing efficacy due to the emergence of drug-resistant parasites. In this review, we provide a comprehensive overview of the current options available for the treatment and prophylaxis of the animal trypanosomiases, with a special focus on the problem of resistance. The key issues surrounding the main economically important animal trypanosome species and the diseases they cause are also presented. As new investment becomes available to develop improved tools to control the animal trypanosomiases, we stress that efforts should be directed towards a better understanding of the biology of the relevant parasite species and strains, to identify new drug targets and interrogate resistance mechanisms.

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“…Table 1, were selected for amplification of T. brucei, T. congolense-savannah, T. congolense-forest, T. congolense-kilifi and T. vivax DNA, respectively. Polymerase chain reaction amplification was performed in 20 μl final reaction volume containing equivalent of 20 ng of genomic DNA, 10mM Tris-HCl, pH 8.3, 1.5 mM MgCl 2 , 50 µM KCl, 200 µM each of dNTPs, 40 ng of each of the primers and 1unit of Thermus aquaticus DNA polymerase (Bioneer USA) as described in the previous work [2]. Ten microliter of the PCR products were electrophoresed through 1% agarose gel in 1 × TAE (40 mM TRIS-acetate and 1 mM EDTA) at 90 V for 80 min.…”

Section: Parasitological Diagnosis and Pcv Determinationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Trypanosomosis is a major disease complex that has caused great set back to profitable farming in sub-Saharan African. The disease complex is caused majorly by T. brucei brucei, T. congolense and T. vivax in cattle [1] [2]. Cattle are differentially susceptible to T. brucei, T. congolense and T. vivax infections [3]- [5] but the mechanism of susceptibility or resistance is not fully understood.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In Nigeria, single and mixed infections of Trypanosomoses have been reported [2], but reports on the immune responses of cattle to trypanosomoses caused by T. brucei brucei, T. congolense and T. vivax are minimal, where it exists, it is experimental report [22]. To the best of our knowledge no data is available on cytokines and cTnI responses to natural bovine trypanosomosis.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Differential IFN-Gamma (IFN-<i>γ</i>), Interleukin 10 (IL-10) and Cardiac Troponin I (cTnI) Responses in Natural Bovine Trypanosomosis in Nigeria

Takeet¹,

Fagbemi²,

Peters³

et al. 2016

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Trypanosomosis is major drawback to profitable livestock production in sub-Sahara African, including Nigeria. Knowledge of the cytokines production in the phase of natural infection may help to better diagnose, treat and prevent bovine trypanosomosis. The purpose of the this study was to determine the levels of interferon-gamma (IFN-γ), interleukin-10 (IL-10) and cardiac troponin-I (cTnI) in the sera of cattle naturally infected with T. brucei, T. congolense and T. vivax and correlate these levels with parasitaemia and PCV of the infected animals. Five milliliter of blood samples were collected via the jugular vein from 411 randomly selected cattle into EDTA and non-citrated bottle. PCV was determined manually using HCT. Trypansomes were detected and characterized by microscopy and PCR, respectively. Serum levels of IFN-γ, IL-10 and cTnI were determined using commercial ELISA kit. Data were summarized using descriptive statistic and significance of differences determined by ANOVA. Of the 62 samples positive for trypanosomes by microscopy, 50 samples were confirmed to species level by PCR. The sera levels of IFN-γ, IL-10 and cTnI of infected

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Molecular survey of pathogenic trypanosomes in naturally infected Nigerian cattle

Cited by 52 publications

References 51 publications

A longitudinal survey of African animal trypanosomiasis in domestic cattle on the Jos Plateau, Nigeria: prevalence, distribution and risk factors

A longitudinal survey of African animal trypanosomiasis in domestic cattle on the Jos Plateau, Nigeria: prevalence, distribution and risk factors

The animal trypanosomiases and their chemotherapy: a review

Differential IFN-Gamma (IFN-<i>γ</i>), Interleukin 10 (IL-10) and Cardiac Troponin I (cTnI) Responses in Natural Bovine Trypanosomosis in Nigeria

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Molecular survey of pathogenic trypanosomes in naturally infected Nigerian cattle

Cited by 52 publications

References 51 publications

A longitudinal survey of African animal trypanosomiasis in domestic cattle on the Jos Plateau, Nigeria: prevalence, distribution and risk factors

A longitudinal survey of African animal trypanosomiasis in domestic cattle on the Jos Plateau, Nigeria: prevalence, distribution and risk factors

The animal trypanosomiases and their chemotherapy: a review

Differential IFN-Gamma (IFN-&lt;i&gt;γ&lt;/i&gt;), Interleukin 10 (IL-10) and Cardiac Troponin I (cTnI) Responses in Natural Bovine Trypanosomosis in Nigeria

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Differential IFN-Gamma (IFN-<i>γ</i>), Interleukin 10 (IL-10) and Cardiac Troponin I (cTnI) Responses in Natural Bovine Trypanosomosis in Nigeria