Molecular survey of Enterocytozoon bieneusi in sheep and goats in China

Abstract

BackgroundOver recent years, several studies have conducted genotyping of Enterocytozoon bieneusi in various hosts worldwide using sequence analysis of the ribosomal internal transcribed spacer (ITS), however, relatively little is known about E. bieneusi in sheep and goats in China. Therefore this research was conducted to understand the prevalence and genotype distribution of E. bieneusi in farmed sheep and goats in China.ResultsA total of 1025 fecal specimens from farmed animals in various geographic areas were collected. Overall, PCR and sequence analysis of the ITS detected E. bieneusi in 34.4 % (353/1025) of isolates; of which the prevalence in goats was 28.8 % (176/611) and in sheep was 42.8 % (177/414). Phylogenetic analysis of ITS sequences identified 42 genotypes (nine known and 33 novel ones). These consisted of four known genotypes (D, KIN-1, EbpC, and F) and 10 novel genotypes (CHG6, CHG7, CHG9, CHG19, CHG23, CHG25, CHS5 and CHS10–CHS12) which all belonged to the so-called zoonotic group 1. A further four known genotypes (CD6, COS-I, BEB6, and J) and 22 novel genotypes (CHG1–CHG3, CHG5, CHG8, CHG10–CHG14, CHG16–CHG18, CHG20, CHG22, CHG24, CHS3, CHS4 and CHS6–CHS9) formed a clade within the group 2. One novel genotype (CHG21) was clustered in the group 9 with the genotype CM4.ConclusionsE. bieneusi is highly prevalent, widely distributed, and genetically diverse in Chinese farmed goats and sheep. Some of the genotypes identified are potentially zoonotic.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13071-016-1304-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

Multilocus Typing of Enterocytozoon bieneusi in Pig Reveals the High Prevalence, Zoonotic Potential, Host Adaptation and Geographical Segregation in China

“…Known and new genotypes are indicated by hollow and filled triangle, respectively. horses and wild boars Qi et al 2016;Shi et al 2016), CHC5 isolates have been found in dairy cattle and wild boar . This study shows the capacity of CHG19 and CHC5 isolates to adapt to different pig breeds.…”

Molecular detection of Enterocytozoon bieneusi in farm-raised pigs in Hainan Province, China: infection rates, genotype distributions, and zoonotic potential

“…The identification of genotype MJ14 (HNR-VI) in pigs and rodents in the same province not only suggests that the genotype has an extensive host range, but that potential cross-species transmission between pigs and rodents can occur. Genotype CHG19 has been identified in pigs from Henan [48] and Shaanxi [49], in captive Eurasian wild boars from Sichuan [21], in goats from Yunnan [42], in horses from Xinjiang [32] and on the surfaces of vegetables and fruits from Henan [23]. This suggests that CHG19 has the ability to infect a large variety of animals.…”

“…A large variety of animals have been reported to be infected with genotype EbpA. In addition to pigs, EbpA has been detected in non-human primates [37,39], cattle [5,6,11,58], sheep [42], goats [42,59], deer [54], horses [32,45], house mice [36], and birds [15,16], with a wide host range. This genotype has also been found in humans from the Czech Republic [38], Nigeria [2], and China [47], highlighting its zoonotic nature.…”

Genotype identification and phylogenetic analysis ofEnterocytozoon bieneusiin farmed black goats (Capra hircus) from China’s Hainan Province

“…To date, there have been nine reports on the identification and genotyping of E. bieneusi in goats [1,3,4,14,16,18,21,22,28]. In this study, the prevalence of E. bieneusi in black goats was 24.0% (82/341) which was lower than that in Chongqing (62.5%; 5/8) [21] and Henan (31.2%; 186/596) [14,18,21], but higher than that in Anhui (5.1%; 33/654) [14,21], Yunnan (12.8%; 60/470) [4,21], Jiangsu (2.7%; 2/74) [14], Heilongjiang (21.8%; 12/55) [28], Shaanxi (19.9%; 72/361) [18,21] and Tibet (9.6%; 25/260) [3]. Elsewhere, infection rates of 14.3% (1/7), 13.3% (11/83), and 19.2% (14/73) have been reported in goats from Spain [16], Egypt [1] and Thailand [22], respectively.…”

“…In recent years, a number of studies of E. bieneusi have been performed in goats, particularly those in China [1,3,4,14,16,18,21,22,28]. A total of 46 ITS genotypes of E. bieneusi have been identified in goats, 11 of which have been detected in humans [1,3,4,13,14,16,18,21,22,28]. Nevertheless, the genotypes of E. bieneusi in goats in China are not fully understood.…”