Molecular surveillance of rotavirus strains circulating in Yaoundé, Cameroon, September 2007–December 2012

Boula, Angeline; Waku‐Kouomou, Diane; Kinkela, Mina Njiki; Esona, Mathew D.; Kemajou, Grace; Mekontso, David; Seheri, Mapaseka; Ndze, Valentine Ngum; Emah, I.; Ela, Serge; Dahl, Benjamin A.; Kobela, Marie; Cavallaro, Kathleen F.; Mballa, Georges Alain Etoundi; Genstch, Jon R.; Bowen, Michael D.; Ndombo, Paul Koki

doi:10.1016/j.meegid.2014.08.019

Cited by 18 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…Over the years, this surveillance network has determined which strains are circulating in Africa using the RVA binary classification system by genotyping the two outer capsid proteins (G and P). This method has identified infections containing multiple G and/or P genotypes, as reported from different African countries (Abebe et al, 2014; Boula et al, 2014; Hokororo et al, 2014; Kiulia et al, 2014; Mukaratirwa et al, 2014; Odiit et al, 2014; Pursem et al, 2014; Seheri et al, 2014; Tsolenyanu et al, 2014). Most strains with G1P[8], G3P[8], G4P[8] and G9P[8] G and P genotype combinations usually belong to the Wa-like genogroup because they have a Wa-like genotype constellation (Gx-P[8]-I1-R1-C1-M1-A1-N1-T1-E1-H1) composed primarily of genotype 1 genes, whereas G2P[4] strains are considered DS-1-like genogroup members because they have a DS-1-like constellation (G2-P[4]-I2-R2-C2-M2-A2-N2-T2-E2-H2) composed of genotype 2 genes (Matthijnssens et al, 2008, 2011; Matthijnssens and Van Ranst, 2012).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In Africa, strain diversity is extensive, and several G and P genotype combinations have been reported from multiple countries. These include, but are not limited to, G1P[6], G1P[8], G2P[4], G2P[6], G3P[6], G8P[6], G9P[8] and G12P[8], as well as mixed/multiple G and/or P types and also stains regarded as untypeable with available primer sets (Abebe et al, 2014; Banga-Mingo et al, 2014; Boula et al, 2014; Hokororo et al, 2014; Kiulia et al, 2014; Mukaratirwa et al, 2014; Odiit et al, 2014; Page et al, 2010; Pukuta et al,2014; Pursem et al, 2014; Seheri et al, 2014; Tsolenyanu et al, 2014). In addition, some studies have also reported the detection of animal or animal-human reassortant strains circulating among humans (Esona et al, 2009, Esona et al, 2010; Jere et al, 2012; 2014; Page et al, 2010; Nyaga et al, 2013; 2014).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Whole genome detection of rotavirus mixed infections in human, porcine and bovine samples co-infected with various rotavirus strains collected from sub-Saharan Africa

Nyaga

Jere

Esona

et al. 2015

Infection, Genetics and Evolution

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Group A rotaviruses (RVA) are among the main global causes of severe diarrhea in children under the age of 5 years. Strain diversity, mixed infections and untypeable RVA strains are frequently reported in Africa. We analysed rotavirus-positive human stool samples (n=13) obtained from hospitalised children under the age of 5 years who presented with acute gastroenteritis at sentinel hospital sites in six African countries, as well as bovine and porcine stool samples (n=1 each), to gain insights into rotavirus diversity and evolution. Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE) analysis and genotyping with G- (VP7) and P-specific (VP4) typing primers suggested that 13 of the 15 samples contained more than 11 segments and/or mixed G/P genotypes. Full-length amplicons for each segment were generated using RVA-specific primers and sequenced using the Ion Torrent and/or Illumina MiSeq next-generation sequencing platforms. Sequencing detected at least one segment in each sample for which duplicate sequences, often having distinct genotypes, existed. This supported and extended the PAGE and RT-PCR genotyping findings that suggested these samples were collected from individuals that had mixed rotavirus infections. The study reports the first porcine (MRC-DPRU1567) and bovine (MRC-DPRU3010) mixed infections. We also report a unique genome segment 9 (VP7), whose G9 genotype belongs to lineage VI and clusters with porcine reference strains. Previously, African G9 strains have all been in lineage III. Furthermore, additional RVA segments isolated from humans have a clear evolutionary relationship with porcine, bovine and ovine rotavirus sequences, indicating relatively recent interspecies transmission and reassortment. Thus, multiple RVA strains from sub-Saharan Africa are infecting mammalian hosts with unpredictable variations in their gene segment combinations. Whole-genome sequence analyses of mixed RVA strains underscore the considerable diversity of rotavirus sequences and genome segment combinations that result from a complex evolutionary history involving multiple host species.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Whole genome detection of rotavirus mixed infections in human, porcine and bovine samples co-infected with various rotavirus strains collected from sub-Saharan Africa

Nyaga

Jere

Esona

et al. 2015

Infection, Genetics and Evolution

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“…This study used samples collected as a part of the Cameroon Rotavirus Sentinel Surveillance Program which was approved by the Cameroon Ministry of Public Health and supported by WHO/AFRO as part of the WHO Rotavirus Sentinel Surveillance Program . Written informed consent was obtained from the parents of the children who participated in the program, as per the WHO/AFRO rotavirus surveillance protocol . The WHO case definition of gastroenteritis, the occurrence of at least three looser than normal or watery stools in a 24 hours period and/or two or more episodes of vomiting unexplained by other reasons, was used .…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular epidemiology of noroviruses in children under 5 years of age with acute gastroenteritis in Yaoundé, Cameroon

Mugyia

Ndze

Akoachere

et al. 2019

Journal of Medical Virology

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Norovirus is a common cause of acute gastroenteritis (AGE) among children in developing countries. Limited data on the prevalence and genetic variability of norovirus are available in Cameroon, where early childhood mortality due to AGE is common. We tested 902 fecal specimens from children younger than 5 years of age hospitalized with AGE between January 2010 and December 2013. Overall, 76 (8.4%) samples tested positive for norovirus, of which 83% (63/76) were among children below 12 months old. Most of the noroviruses detected were in children infected between July and December of each year. All norovirus‐positive specimens were genotyped, with 80% (61/76) being GII.4 (three variants detected). Genotypes GI.2, GI.6, GII.1, GII.2, GII.3, GII.6, GII.16, GII.17, and GII.21 were also detected. Interestingly, GII.4 Sydney and GII.17 Kawasaki viruses were found as early as 2010, years before their emergence globally. This study suggests norovirus is a significant cause of moderate to severe gastroenteritis among young children in Cameroon. The results are important to highlight appropriate prevention and control strategies for reducing the burden of norovirus disease.

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“…Concluding that RVA gastroenteritis represents a low burden among the Ngaoundere children could be misleading. In fact, in Cameroon, published data show that Rotavirus positivity rate varies from 21.9% in western Cameroon [33] to 42.8% in far north [34] and 44% in Yaoundé [35]. The literature also highlights the seasonality of the RVA infection in Northern Cameroon, and precises that the monthly prevalence of group A Rotavirus is at its highest level in November and December, followed by a decrease until it reaches its lowest level in rainy months of May, June, September and October [34,36].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The results discrepancy observed in this study could be also due to the RVA detection method we used in this study (rapid method / immunochromatography), while most studies conducted in Cameroon used either Reverse Transcriptase-PCR or enzyme immunoassay (EIA) method [33][34][35][36].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Epidemiology of Adenovirus and Genotypic Characteristics of Group A Rotavirus Among Diarrhoeic Children Aged 0 to 5 Years Old in the Ngaoundere Region of Cameroon

Emmanuel¹

2015

SJPH

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In the context of recent introduction of a Rotavirus vaccine, little is known about the epidemiology of Rotavirusand Adenovirus gastroenteritis in Cameroon in general and in Ngaoundere specifically. The main objective of this study was to determine the frequency of Rotavirus and Adenovirus antigens as well as to characterise circulating Rotavirus strains in children with diarrhoea in Ngaoundere. A convenience sampling method was used and stool samples collected from patients consulting at the study sites from April to July 2014 were subjected to a qualitative immunochromatographic test to detect group antigens of group A Rotavirus and Adenovirus. Socio-demographic data were collected using a pre-tested questionnaire. Stool samples tested positive for Group A Rotavirus were genotyped by multiplex nested RT-PCR method. Logistic regression, Chi-square or Fisher's exact tests were performed when appropriate. P-value < 0.05 at 95% confidence interval was considered statistically significant. Adenovirus antigen was detected in 26.4% (56) of children, whereas, group A Rotavirus was detected in 2.3% (5); the co-infection rate was 5.3%. Vomiting, fever, moderate dehydration, severe dehydration and the presence of polymorphonuclear cells in stool were significantly associated with the presence of Adenovirus antigen in stool. Group A Rotavirus was also found to circulate in Ngaoundere and the G1P[8] genotype showed indication of being the most represented. Adenovirus antigen was shown to be an important agent in childhood acute gastroenteritis in Ngaoundere and this study has been used as a baseline data for this infection in this region of Cameroon. The appropriate management of viral acute gastroenteritis necessitates the detection of Rotavirus and Adenovirus in clinical routine practice. Furthermore, Rotarix™ vaccination should be encouraged and the populations should be educated on hygiene practices.

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Molecular surveillance of rotavirus strains circulating in Yaoundé, Cameroon, September 2007–December 2012

Cited by 18 publications

References 30 publications

Whole genome detection of rotavirus mixed infections in human, porcine and bovine samples co-infected with various rotavirus strains collected from sub-Saharan Africa

Whole genome detection of rotavirus mixed infections in human, porcine and bovine samples co-infected with various rotavirus strains collected from sub-Saharan Africa

Molecular epidemiology of noroviruses in children under 5 years of age with acute gastroenteritis in Yaoundé, Cameroon

Epidemiology of Adenovirus and Genotypic Characteristics of Group A Rotavirus Among Diarrhoeic Children Aged 0 to 5 Years Old in the Ngaoundere Region of Cameroon

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