Molecular surveillance of coxsackievirus A16 in southern China, 2008–2019

Liu, Yi; Zeng, Hanri; Zheng, Huanying; Peng, Jinju; Guo, Xue; Liu, Leng; Xiong, Qianling; Sun, Limei; Tan, Xiaohua; He, Jianfeng; Lu, Jing; Li, Hui

doi:10.1007/s00705-021-05052-8

Cited by 10 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…VP1 is correlated with enterovirus serotype 16 and is used for serotyping 17,18 and molecular epidemiology studies of CV-A16. 4,12,19 Based on the complete VP1 nucleotide sequence, CV-A16 strains can be divided into A, B, and D genogroup, 20,21 and subgenogroup B1 can be further divided into B1a, B1b, and B1c. 22 From 1979 to 2000, B2 was the most commonly isolated sub-genogroup, 20 while B1 has become the prevailing sub-genogroup worldwide since its discovery in Japan in 1995.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…23 Since 2000, there has been a continuous epidemic of the B1 subgenogroup in the mainland of China, with B1a dominating from 2008 to 2012 and B1b from 2013 to 2019, but with an increase in B1a since 2018. 4 In Beijing, CV-A16 and EV-A71 were the dominant pathogens of HFMD from 2009 to 2012, but EV-A71 were replaced by CV-A6 from 2013 to 2019. 24,25 To gain a more profound insight into the continuous evolution and systematic geographical characteristics of enteroviruses in Beijing, it is more valuable to focus on a continuously prevalent virus such as CV-A16 than on previously prominent EV-A71 or currently popular CV-A6.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Phylogenetics and phylogeographic characteristics of coxsackievirus A16 in hand foot and mouth disease and herpangina cases collected in Beijing, China from 2019 to 2021

Lin

Dong

et al. 2023

Journal of Medical Virology

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Coxsackievirus A16 (CV‐A16) is a significant pathogen responsible for causing hand foot and mouth disease (HFMD) and herpangina (HA). This study aimed to investigate the recent evolution and spread of CV‐A16 by monitoring HFMD and HA cases in 29 hospitals across 16 districts in Beijing from 2019 to 2021. The first five cases of HFMD and the first five cases of HA each month in each hospital were included in the study. Real‐time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction was used to identify CV‐A16, CV‐A6, and EV‐A71. From each district, two to four CV‐A16 positive samples with a relatively long sampling time interval every month were selected for sequencing. A total of 3344 HFMD cases and 2704 HA cases were enrolled in this study, with 76.0% (2541/3344) of HFMD and 45.4% (1227/2704) of HA cases confirmed to be infected by enterovirus. Among the EV‐positive samples, CV‐A16 virus was detected in 33.61% (854/2541) of HFMD cases and 13.4% (165/1227) of HA cases, with the predominant cluster being B1a. Both B1a and B1b had a co‐circulation of local and imported strains, with different origin time (1993 vs. 1995), different global distribution (14 countries vs. 10 countries), and different transmission centers but mainly distributed in the southern and eastern regions of Beijing. Strengthening surveillance of HFMD in southern and eastern regions will improve the prevention and control efficiency of enterovirus infections.

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confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

Phylogenetics and phylogeographic characteristics of coxsackievirus A16 in hand foot and mouth disease and herpangina cases collected in Beijing, China from 2019 to 2021

Lin

Dong

et al. 2023

Journal of Medical Virology

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“…Since the EVA71 vaccination has been available since late 2016, the proportion of HFMD cases related to EVA71 has significantly dropped ( Takahashi et al, 2016 ; Han et al, 2020 ). Nonetheless, the CVA16 epidemic persists, and more than 22% of all HFMD cases are recorded annually in China ( Yi et al, 2021 ). As a result, CVA16 is a significant public health issue, and there is no available medication or vaccination to prevent it.…”

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Highly sensitive and rapid identification of coxsackievirus A16 based on reverse transcription multiple cross displacement amplification combined with nanoparticle-based lateral flow biosensor assay

et al. 2023

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IntroductionOne of the main pathogens responsible for human hand, foot, and mouth disease (HFMD), coxsackievirus A16, has put young children’s health at danger, especially in countries in the Asia-Pacific region. Early quick identification is essential for the avoidance and control of the disorder since there are no vaccinations or antiviral medications available to prevent and manage CVA16 infection.MethodsHere, we describe the creation of an easy, speedy, and accurate CVA16 infection detection approach using lateral flow biosensors (LFB) and reverse transcriptionmultiple cross displacement amplification (RT-MCDA). A group of 10 primers was developed for the RT-MCDA system in order to amplify the genes in an isothermal amplification device while targeting the highly conserved region of the CVA16 VP1 gene. Then, without requiring any extra tools, RT-MCDA amplification reaction products might well be detected by visual detection reagent (VDR) and LFB.ResultsThe outcomes showed that 64°C within 40 min was the ideal reaction setting for the CVA16-MCDA test. Target sequences with <40 copies might be found using the CVA16-MCDA. There was no cross-reaction among CVA16 strains and other strains. The findings demonstrated that the CVA16-MCDA test could promptly and successfully identify all of the CVA16-positive (46/220) samples identified by the traditional real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) assays for 220 clinical anal swab samples. The whole process, such as the processing of the sample (15 min), the MCDA reaction (40 min), and the documenting of the results (2 min), could be finished in 1 h.ConclusionThe CVA16-MCDA-LFB assay, which targeted the VP1 gene, was an efficient, simple, and highly specific examination that might be used extensively in rural regions’ basic healthcare institutions and point-of-care settings.

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“…VP1 is the most important protein, always exposed to the immune system, and used for serotyping and target genes in experimental studies. The CV-A16 genome is divided into the genotypes B1 (B1a, B1b, and B1c), B2 and A. HFMD has spread worldwide since its first identification in 1957 [ 2 ].…”

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The resurfacing of hand, foot, and mouth disease: Are we on the verge of another epidemic?

Farahat

Shaheen

Kundu

et al. 2022

Annals of Medicine &Amp; Surgery

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Molecular surveillance of coxsackievirus A16 in southern China, 2008–2019

Cited by 10 publications

References 32 publications

Phylogenetics and phylogeographic characteristics of coxsackievirus A16 in hand foot and mouth disease and herpangina cases collected in Beijing, China from 2019 to 2021

Phylogenetics and phylogeographic characteristics of coxsackievirus A16 in hand foot and mouth disease and herpangina cases collected in Beijing, China from 2019 to 2021

Highly sensitive and rapid identification of coxsackievirus A16 based on reverse transcription multiple cross displacement amplification combined with nanoparticle-based lateral flow biosensor assay

The resurfacing of hand, foot, and mouth disease: Are we on the verge of another epidemic?

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