Molecular Studies of Fecal Anaerobic Commensal Bacteria in Acute Diarrhea in Children

Balamurugan, Ramadass; Janardhan, Harish P.; George, Sarah L.; Raghava, Mohan Venkata; Muliyil, Jayaprakash; Ramakrishna, B. S.

doi:10.1097/mpg.0b013e31815ce599

Cited by 54 publications

(43 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…Similar results were also observed in some other studies (Ramakrishna et al, 2000;Balamurugan et al, 2008;Alam et al, 2009). Clinical recovery was associated with a striking increase in the concentrations of bacteria and SCFAs with time.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 78%

“…However, the basis for such a mechanism requires the presence of metabolically active bacteria in the colon. In malnutrition as well as in diarrhoea the number, biodiversity and function of the bacteria are altered (Ramakrishna et al, 2000;Balamurugan et al, 2008;Alam et al, 2009). In addition, antibiotics are often used in the initial phase of treatment of malnutrition and cholera (World Health Organization, 2009a, b).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Short-chain fatty acids and commensal microbiota in the faeces of severely malnourished children with cholera rehydrated with three different carbohydrates

et al. 2010

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Background: Short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) liberated by fermentation of complex carbohydrates might stimulate water and salt absorption, and provide energy. The aim of the study was to assess the number and proportion of faecal bacteria and the concentration of SCFAs of severely malnourished children with cholera receiving oral rehydration solution (ORS) containing glucose, amylase-resistant starch (ARS) or rice. Methods: Serial faecal samples were collected from 30 malnourished children with cholera until rehydration and partial nutritional recovery. SCFAs were identified and quantitated by high-performance liquid chromatography. In situ hybridization combined with flow cytometry was used to analyse the microbiota in the faeces. Results: Before treatment the concentration of total SCFA in faecal sample of cholera children was found to be 4.7±0.6 mmol/kg and it increased steadily until 95.0 ± 8.7 mmol/kg at day 28. Among different ORS groups, concentration was significantly higher in the Rice-ORS group at day 1 (Po0.011) and at day 2 (Po0.025). During recovery faecal output was significantly reduced and the number of bacteria also increased faster in the Rice-ORS group than in the glucose-ORS group at day 1 and day 2 (Po0.01), and a modest increase in bacterial number was observed in the glucose-ORS plus ARS group (day 1, P ¼ 0.07; day 2, P ¼ 0.09). Conclusion: Clinical recovery was associated with an increase in bacterial and SCFA concentrations with all three carbohydrates in ORS. However, the increases were significantly higher in children receiving Rice-ORS.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 78%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Short-chain fatty acids and commensal microbiota in the faeces of severely malnourished children with cholera rehydrated with three different carbohydrates

et al. 2010

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“…26,27 While this finding was unexpected, a previous study of Indian children found that the abundance of Lactobacillus species increased at the end of diarrhea episodes and then decreased after 3 months of recovery. 28 Also, as compared with diarrhea stools, recovery stools had a greater relative abundance of genera of the order Clostridiales (Dorea, Blautia, Dialister, and Sporobacterium WAL_1855D). Some of these Clostridiales genera are known to produce the short-chain fatty acid, butyrate, which promotes the growth of the intestinal epithelium.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Gut Microbiome Composition in Young Nicaraguan Children During Diarrhea Episodes and Recovery

Becker‐Dreps¹,

Allali²,

Monteagudo³

et al. 2015

The American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

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Abstract. Understanding how the gut microbiota is affected by diarrhea episodes may help explain alterations in intestinal function among children in low-income settings. This study examined the composition of the gut microbiome of Nicaraguan children both during diarrhea episodes and while free of diarrhea for at least 2 months. Relative abundances of bacterial taxa, phylogenetic diversity, and species richness were determined by 16S amplicon sequencing and compared between paired diarrhea and recovery samples. A total of 66 stools were provided by 25 children enrolled in a 1-year cohort study of diarrhea etiologies. Children in our cohort had a mean age of 21.9 months; 64% were breast-fed, and 10% had received an antibiotic during the diarrhea episode. Overall, phylogenetic diversity and species richness did not differ significantly between diarrhea and recovery stools. However, of children who had a bacterial enteropathogen detected in any diarrhea stool, none experienced an increase in phylogenetic diversity in recovery, whereas of those in whom no bacterial enteropathogens were detected in their diarrhea stool(s), 59% experienced an increase in phylogenetic diversity in recovery (P = 0.008). This preliminary study suggests that recovery of the gut microbiota after a diarrhea episode may take longer time than previously thought and may be pathogen specific.

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“…There is a depletion of the anaerobic flora which allows the overgrowth of Proteobacteria , particular enterococci [39]. This tendency is exacerbated by antibiotics, so it is perhaps no surprise that the patients who have received antibiotics for salmonellosis have more long-lasting IBS symptoms [40].…”

Section: Mechanism Of Postinfectious Ibsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Irritable Bowel Syndrome: Gender, Infection, Lifestyle or What Else?

Spiller

2011

Dig Dis

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Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is characterised by abdominal pain and an erratic bowel habit, which depending on the definition used affects 5–10% of the population. As a typical complex disease, it is likely that the condition will develop when a genetically susceptible individual is exposed to an appropriate environment stimulus. This bio-psycho-social model assumes that there is no one cause of IBS, but rather that it is the product of complex interactions between host and environment. Host factors include gender, age and psychological characteristics, while environmental factors include psychosocial stressors, gastrointestinal infections, antibiotics and food.

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Molecular Studies of Fecal Anaerobic Commensal Bacteria in Acute Diarrhea in Children

Abstract: Specific classes of fecal bacteria are lower during episodes of acute diarrhea in children than during periods of normal gastrointestinal health, suggesting specific alterations in the flora during diarrhea.

Cited by 54 publications

References 28 publications

Short-chain fatty acids and commensal microbiota in the faeces of severely malnourished children with cholera rehydrated with three different carbohydrates

Short-chain fatty acids and commensal microbiota in the faeces of severely malnourished children with cholera rehydrated with three different carbohydrates

Gut Microbiome Composition in Young Nicaraguan Children During Diarrhea Episodes and Recovery

Irritable Bowel Syndrome: Gender, Infection, Lifestyle or What Else?

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