A highly
sensitive array of two-dimensional (2D) WSe2 nanosheets
integrated with zero-dimensional (0D) SnS quantum dots
was synthesized by combining liquid-phase exfoliation and wet chemical
synthesis methods. The characterization results of scanning electron
microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and X-ray
diffraction (XRD) revealed the formation of WSe2/SnS heterostructures,
which enable a cyclic and reproducible high gas sensing response.
The role allocation of SnS on WSe2 was verified by using
density functional theory (DFT) calculations. The result indicates
that the top alignment of SnS and the bottom layer of WSe2 act as a gas adsorption layer and carrier conduction layer, respectively.
The charge interactions of the heterostructures were systematically
explored by monitoring changes in the transferred characteristics
at room temperature (27 °C) after introducing 25–100 ppb
NO2. The highest sensing response of WSe2/SnS
heterostructures toward the NO2 gas was found to be 1.08
at 25 ppb with a LOD of 10.6 ppb. The experimental and simulation
results revealed that the charge transfer across the active sites
increased after incorporating SnS in the WSe2. The sensing
results showed an abrupt and reliable gas response under periodic
NO2 gas injection unambiguously achieved by such heterostructures.
The sensor also exhibited satisfactory stability and accuracy in selectivity
and is not affected by humidity at room temperature. DFT calculations
were also used to explain the sensing mechanism and heterojunction
for such nanocomposites.