Molecular Structure and Metabolic Characteristics of the Proteins and Energy in Triticale Grains and Dried Distillers Grains with Solubles for Dairy Cattle

Abstract

To our knowledge, there is no research on the molecular structure of triticale grain in comparison with other types of cereal grains and metabolic characteristics of the protein and energy in this grain and its coproducts, called dried distillers grains with solubles (DDGS), for dairy cattle. The objective of this study was to identify differences in molecular structures of proteins among grains and their DDGS using a molecular spectroscopy technique, namely, DRIFT, and to determine the nutrient profile and supply to dairy cattle. The protein molecular structure studies showed a difference (P < 0.01) in the amide I to amide II ratio and the α-helix to β-sheet ratio between grains and their DDGS. The energy content was similar for triticale grain and DDGS. There were differences in the protein and carbohydrate subfractions (P < 0.05) and the ruminal degradability of DM, CP, and NDF (P < 0.01) between triticale grain and DDGS. Triticale grain and DDGS had similar intestinal digestibility of rumen undegraded CP. However, triticale DDGS had higher (P < 0.01) predicted total metabolizable protein and degraded protein balance than triticale, indicating that triticale DDGS is a superior protein source for dairy cattle as compared with triticale grain. Bioethanol processing induced changes in the protein molecular structure.

Molecular structure, chemical and nutrient profiles, and metabolic characteristics of the proteins and energy in new cool-season corn varieties harvested as fresh forage for dairy cattle

“…The FT/IR spectral data were processed using Omnic 7.3 (Spectra-Tech, Madison, WI). The regions of specific interest in this study included the protein amide I and II and the protein structure of the α-helix and β-sheet in the infrared regions of approximately 1,715-1,480 cm −1 (Samadi and Yu, 2011;Liu et al, 2012).…”

Using Synchrotron Radiation-Based Infrared Microspectroscopy to Reveal Microchemical Structure Characterization: Frost Damaged Wheat vs. Normal Wheat

“…In light of our results, frost damaged wheat had similar band absorbance intensities in α-helix and β-sheet heights, as well as their height ratio with normal wheat grains. Several works of research have been published on the protein structural profiles of wheat grains recently [14,16,19], but the results were not in full agreement, which could be explained by different varieties of wheat grains or different spectroscopic techniques used for spectral data collection in these studies. However, the current results were partially consistent with our earlier study [4] in which frost damaged wheat had similar crude protein content (15.9% DM), but different protein sub-fraction profiles (higher contents of rapidly degradable protein sub-fraction and undegradable protein sub-fraction) with normal wheat grains.…”

“…Recently, it has been successfully used as a powerful tool to reveal internal chemical structure changes at a cellular or subcellular dimension among various food/feed and plant/seed tissues [12,13]. Additionally, nutrient utilization, bioavailability and feed quality are highly linked to intrinsic molecular structure [14,15]. Protein amide I and II spectral profiles (e.g., peak intensity, ratio of functional group) are related to protein value [16].…”

Truly Absorbed Microbial Protein Synthesis, Rumen Bypass Protein, Endogenous Protein, and Total Metabolizable Protein from Starchy and Protein-Rich Raw Materials: Model Comparison and Predictions

“…17,19,20,23 Endogenous protein loss is considered as a source of protein that partially can be used by animals in the NRC-2001 model, whereas the DVE system considers the endogenous protein loss as a total waste, which is replaced by a part of available protein in the small intestine, and considers the total balance of available protein.…”