Molecular species composition of plant cardiolipin determined by liquid chromatography mass spectrometry

Zhou, Yong‐Hong; Peisker, Helga; Dörmann, Peter

doi:10.1194/jlr.d068429

Cited by 29 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 58 publications

(102 reference statements)

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“…Cardiolipin (CL) is a tetra-acylated diphosphatidylglycerol found in yeast, bacteria, plants, and animals. Acyl chain length and degree of unsaturation vary depending on species, tissue, and pathological conditions [1–3]. Bacterial CL is highly heterogeneous, but some bacterial species like the Gram-positive Micrococcus luteus contain only saturated CL [2].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Saturation of acyl chains converts cardiolipin from an antagonist to an activator of Toll-like receptor-4

Pizzuto

Lonez

Baroja‐Mazo

et al. 2019

Cell. Mol. Life Sci.

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Cardiolipins (CLs) are tetra-acylated diphosphatidylglycerols found in bacteria, yeast, plants, and animals. In healthy mammals, CLs are unsaturated, whereas saturated CLs are found in blood cells from Barth syndrome patients and in some Gram-positive bacteria. Here, we show that unsaturated but not saturated CLs block LPS-induced NF-κB activation, TNF-α and IP-10 secretion in human and murine macrophages, as well as LPS-induced TNF-α and IL-1β release in human blood mononuclear cells. Using HEK293 cells transfected with Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) and its co-receptor Myeloid Differentiation 2 (MD2), we demonstrate that unsaturated CLs compete with LPS for binding TLR4/MD2 preventing its activation, whereas saturated CLs are TLR4/MD2 agonists. As a consequence, saturated CLs induce a pro-inflammatory response in macrophages characterized by TNF-α and IP-10 secretion, and activate the alternative NLRP3 inflammasome pathway in human blood-derived monocytes. Thus, we identify that double bonds discriminate between anti- and pro-inflammatory properties of tetra-acylated molecules, providing a rationale for the development of TLR4 activators and inhibitors for use as vaccine adjuvants or in the treatment of TLR4-related diseases. Graphical abstract Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1007/s00018-019-03113-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Saturation of acyl chains converts cardiolipin from an antagonist to an activator of Toll-like receptor-4

Pizzuto

Lonez

Baroja‐Mazo

et al. 2019

Cell. Mol. Life Sci.

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“…These domains have been observed in bacteria membranes but not in yeast and mammals . In addition, similar to mammals, plant CL acyl‐chains are longer and highly unsaturated compared to those found in yeast and bacteria CL . All these results suggest that CL in plants has similar functions to CL in yeast and mammals but could also have particular roles illustrated by the presence of CMDs and the acyl‐chain composition of CL.…”

Section: Mitochondrial Glycerolipid Synthesis In Plantsmentioning

confidence: 81%

Glycerolipid synthesis and lipid trafficking in plant mitochondria

2016

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Lipid trafficking between mitochondria and other organelles is required for mitochondrial membrane biogenesis and signaling. This lipid exchange occurs by poorly understood nonvesicular mechanisms. In yeast and mammalian cells, this lipid exchange is thought to take place at contact sites between mitochondria and the ER or vacuolar membranes. Some proteins involved in the tethering between membranes or in the transfer of lipids in mitochondria have been identified. However, in plants, little is known about the synthesis of mitochondrial membranes. Mitochondrial membrane biogenesis is particularly important and noteworthy in plants as the lipid composition of mitochondrial membranes is dramatically changed during phosphate starvation and other stresses. This review focuses on the principal pathways involved in the synthesis of the most abundant mitochondrial glycerolipids in plants and the lipid trafficking that is required for plant mitochondria membrane biogenesis.

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“…Strong accumulation was observed for the unique mitochondrial lipid class of CL in this study. In barley roots, the five most abundant CLs are CL(72:8), CL(72:9), CL(72:10), CL(72:11), and CL(72:12) (Zhou et al, 2016). After salt treatment, all five CLs showed substantial increases in Gairdner, Keel, and Mundah, where most increases being statistically significant ( Figure S3).…”

Section: Salinity-induced Accumulation Of the Mitochondrial Specific mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Plant CLs are synthesized by CARDIOLIPIN SYNTHASE (CLS) transferring a phosphatidyl group from cytidine diphosphatediacylglycerol (CDP-DAG) to a PG molecule (Nowicki et al, 2005). Based on the results from previously published studies (Zhou et al, 2016), fatty acyl chains of the five major CLs are predominantly 18:2 and 18:3. Thus, these CLs are most likely synthesized from three PGs: PG(18:2_18:2), PG(18:2_18:3), and PG(18:3_18:3).…”

Section: Salinity-induced Accumulation Of the Mitochondrial Specific mentioning

confidence: 99%

Insights Into Oxidized Lipid Modification in Barley Roots as an Adaptation Mechanism to Salinity Stress

et al. 2020

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Molecular species composition of plant cardiolipin determined by liquid chromatography mass spectrometry

Cited by 29 publications

References 58 publications

Saturation of acyl chains converts cardiolipin from an antagonist to an activator of Toll-like receptor-4

Saturation of acyl chains converts cardiolipin from an antagonist to an activator of Toll-like receptor-4

Glycerolipid synthesis and lipid trafficking in plant mitochondria

Insights Into Oxidized Lipid Modification in Barley Roots as an Adaptation Mechanism to Salinity Stress

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