Molecular Snapshots of the AKT1-CIPK23 Complex Involved in K<sup>+</sup> Uptake

Thiruppathi, Dhineshkumar

doi:10.1104/pp.20.00236

Cited by 3 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…190 Furthermore, the specific binding of ATK1 to CIPK23 may be due to an asymmetric charge distribution on the concave side of the ANK domain of ATK1. 189 According to previous studies, the CBL9 protein directly interacts with AKT1. 191 Other studies have reported that the effect of AKT1 on Arabidopsis root hairs depends on K + concentration.…”

Section: Under Abiotic Stressmentioning

confidence: 91%

“…CIPK23 can decode changes in Ca 2+ signaling caused by environmental changes to regulate ATK1 . Furthermore, the specific binding of ATK1 to CIPK23 may be due to an asymmetric charge distribution on the concave side of the ANK domain of ATK1 . According to previous studies, the CBL9 protein directly interacts with AKT1 .…”

Section: Root Hair Development and Adaptation Under Abiotic Stressmentioning

confidence: 93%

“…AKT1, a K + transporter, plays a direct role in K + absorption in plant roots and is also active in root hair cells . AKT1 phosphorylation at low K concentrations requires the participation of calcineurin B-like protein1/9 (CBL1/9) and CBL-interacting protein kinase 23 (CIPK23). , CBL1/9 belongs to the CBL calcium sensor family, whereas CIPK23 is one of the CBL-interacting protein kinases (CIPKs). CIPK23 can decode changes in Ca 2+ signaling caused by environmental changes to regulate ATK1 .…”

Section: Root Hair Development and Adaptation Under Abiotic Stressmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Root Hair Development and Adaptation to Abiotic Stress

Zhang,

Yang,

Zhang

et al. 2023

J. Agric. Food Chem.

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Root hairs tie the root system to the soil substrate, facilitate water and nutrient absorption, and enable the interaction with microbes in the soil. Root hair development can be classified into three main development types (I−III). Root hair development type III has been extensively studied, mainly represented using the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana. Transcription factors, plant hormones, and proteins are involved at different root hair developmental stages. The mechanisms underlying development in types I and II have been examined using other representative plant species but have not been studied as intensively.Many key developmental genes in types I and II are highly homologous with those in type III, exhibiting conservation of related mechanisms. Root hairs are also involved in the regulation of plant response to abiotic stress by altering developmental patterns. Abiotic stress, regulatory genes, and plant hormones jointly regulate root hair development and growth; however, few studies have focused on how root hair recognizes abiotic stress signals. This review examines the molecular mechanisms of root hair development and adaptations under stress, and prospective future developments in root hair research are also discussed.

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Section: Under Abiotic Stressmentioning

confidence: 91%

Section: Root Hair Development and Adaptation Under Abiotic Stressmentioning

confidence: 93%

Section: Root Hair Development and Adaptation Under Abiotic Stressmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Root Hair Development and Adaptation to Abiotic Stress

Zhang,

Yang,

Zhang

et al. 2023

J. Agric. Food Chem.

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“…Disruption of either AtAKT1 or OsAKT1 significantly reduces K + uptake, resulting in plants displaying typical K + ‐deficient symptoms and low‐K + ‐sensitive phenotypes (Li et al ., 2014; Xu et al ., 2006). The regulation of AKT1 activity in plants has been extensively studied, with the involvement of a protein complex consisting of the calcineurin B‐like protein 1/9 (CBL1/9) and the CBL‐interacting protein kinase 23 (CIPK23) (Hashimoto et al ., 2012; Lee et al ., 2007; Sánchez‐Barrena et al ., 2020; Thiruppathi, 2020). Cell biological studies have demonstrated that CBL1 localizes to cell membrane and recruits CIPK23 to activate AKT1 via its kinase activity (Hashimoto et al ., 2012).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A viral protein competitively bound to rice CIPK23 inhibits potassium absorption and facilitates virus systemic infection in rice

Jing,

Wang,

Liu

et al. 2024

Plant Biotechnology Journal

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SummaryPotassium (K+) plays a crucial role as a macronutrient in the growth and development of plants. Studies have definitely determined the vital roles of K+ in response to pathogen invasion. Our previous investigations revealed that rice plants infected with rice grassy stunt virus (RGSV) displayed a reduction in K+ content, but the mechanism by which RGSV infection subverts K+ uptake remains unknown. In this study, we found that overexpression of RGSV P1, a specific viral protein encoded by viral RNA1, results in enhanced sensitivity to low K+ stress and exhibits a significantly lower rate of K+ influx compared to wild‐type rice plants. Further investigation revealed that RGSV P1 interacts with OsCIPK23, an upstream regulator of Shaker K+ channel OsAKT1. Moreover, we found that the P1 protein recruits the OsCIPK23 to the Cajal bodies (CBs). In vivo assays demonstrated that the P1 protein competitively binds to OsCIPK23 with both OsCBL1 and OsAKT1. In the nucleus, the P1 protein enhances the binding of OsCIPK23 to OsCoilin, a homologue of the signature protein of CBs in Arabidopsis, and facilitates their trafficking through these CB structures. Genetic analysis indicates that mutant in oscipk23 suppresses RGSV systemic infection. Conversely, osakt1 mutants exhibited increased sensitivity to RGSV infection. These findings suggest that RGSV P1 hinders the absorption of K+ in rice plants by recruiting the OsCIPK23 to the CB structures. This process potentially promotes virus systemic infection but comes at the expense of inhibiting OsAKT1 activity.

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“…More recently, by X-ray crystallography, Sanchez-Barrena et al (2020) resolved the physical interaction between CIPK23 and the ANK domain in the cytosolic side of AtAKT1 that is essential for the activation of AtAKT1 by the CBL/CIPK complexes. Therefore, the presence of the ANK repeat domains is a prerequisite for the CBL/CIPK modulation, and the diversity of the ANK domains determines the spectrum or specificity of the interacting CBL/CIPK species ( Sánchez-Barrena et al, 2020 ; Thiruppathi, 2020 ). For instance, the activity of AtAKT2 is enhanced in oocytes by the co-expression of the AtCBL4/CIPK6 module ( Held et al, 2011) ; the AtCBL1/CIPK5 complex is responsible for AtGORK activation in response to wounding-induced stomatal closure ( Förster et al, 2019) ; and in rice roots, OsAKT1 is promoted by the OsCBL1/OsCIPK23 complex ( Li et al, 2014 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The rectification control and physiological relevance of potassium channel OsAKT2

Huang

Yang

et al. 2021

Plant Physiology

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AKT2 potassium (K+) channels are members of the plant Shaker family which mediate dual-directional K+ transport with weak voltage-dependency. Here we show that OsAKT2 of rice (Oryza sativa) functions mainly as an inward rectifier with strong voltage-dependency and acutely suppressed outward activity. This is attributed to the presence of a unique K191 residue in the S4 domain. The typical bi-directional leak-like property was restored by a single K191R mutation, indicating that this functional distinction is an intrinsic characteristic of OsAKT2. Further, the opposite R195K mutation of AtAKT2 changed the channel to an inward-rectifier similar to OsAKT2. OsAKT2 was modulated by OsCBL1/OsCIPK23, evoking the outward activity and diminishing the inward current. The physiological relevance in relation to the rectification diversity of OsAKT2 was addressed by functional assembly in the Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) akt2 mutant. Overexpression of OsAKT2 complemented the K+ deficiency in the phloem sap and leaves of the mutant plants but did not significantly contribute to the transport of sugars. However, the expression of OsAKT2-K191R overcame both the shortage of phloem K+ and sucrose of the akt2 mutant, which was comparable to the effects of the overexpression of AtAKT2, while the expression of the inward mutation AtAKT2-R195K resembled the effects of OsAKT2. Additionally, overexpression of OsAKT2 ameliorated the salt tolerance of Arabidopsis.

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Molecular Snapshots of the AKT1-CIPK23 Complex Involved in K⁺ Uptake

Cited by 3 publications

References 9 publications

Root Hair Development and Adaptation to Abiotic Stress

Root Hair Development and Adaptation to Abiotic Stress

A viral protein competitively bound to rice CIPK23 inhibits potassium absorption and facilitates virus systemic infection in rice

The rectification control and physiological relevance of potassium channel OsAKT2

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Molecular Snapshots of the AKT1-CIPK23 Complex Involved in K+ Uptake

Cited by 3 publications

References 9 publications

Root Hair Development and Adaptation to Abiotic Stress

Root Hair Development and Adaptation to Abiotic Stress

A viral protein competitively bound to rice CIPK23 inhibits potassium absorption and facilitates virus systemic infection in rice

The rectification control and physiological relevance of potassium channel OsAKT2

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Molecular Snapshots of the AKT1-CIPK23 Complex Involved in K⁺ Uptake