Molecular Signals Involved in Human B Cell Migration into the Retina:In VitroInvestigation of ICAM-1, VCAM-1, and CXCL13

Abstract

Summary Purpose: B cells participate in diverse retinal immunopathologies. Endothelial adhesion molecules and chemokines direct leukocyte trafficking. We examined the involvement of three molecular signals in retinal transendothelial migration of human B cells: ICAM-1, VCAM-1 and CXCL13. Methods: Peripheral blood B cells were isolated by negative selection. Migration was studied in transwells populated with human retinal endothelial monolayers, using antibody to block ICAM-1 or VCAM-1. Retinal expression of CXCL13 was investigated. Results: B cells crossed retinal endothelium. ICAM-1 blockade significantly reduced migration when results for all subjects were combined, and for a majority when results were analyzed by individual. This effect was irrespective of the presence or absence of CXCL13, although CXCL13 increased migration. CXCL13 was detected in neural retina and retinal pigment epithelium. Endothelial cells of some retinal vessels presented CXCL13 protein. Conclusions: ICAM-1 blockade may be an effective treatment in some patients with retinal diseases that involve B cells.

Spectral‐domain optical coherence tomography imaging of normal foveae: A pilot study in 17 diurnal birds of prey

“…Thus, avoidance of light scattering is a precondition for high visual sensitivity and acuity . It is possible that this is accomplished with a strong contribution of the Müller cells, as they appear to act as light‐guiding elements from the inner retina to the photoreceptors and lack light‐scattering properties . These light‐guiding Müller cells will likely increase the number of photons arriving to the photoreceptors and contribute to a high sensitivity of the rods (which are absent in and around the central fovea of at least some birds of prey) during dim light conditions.…”

“…33 It is possible that this is accomplished with a strong contribution of the Müller cells, as they appear to act as light-guiding elements from the inner retina to the photoreceptors and lack light-scattering properties. [46][47][48][49][50] These light-guiding Müller cells will likely increase the number of photons arriving to the photoreceptors and contribute to a high sensitivity of the rods (which are absent in and around the central fovea of at least some birds of prey) during dim light conditions. In addition, the contrast sensitivity of vision is expected to increase by enhancing the signal/noise ratio in the cone arrays.…”

Paroxetine alleviates T lymphocyte activation and infiltration to joints of collagen-induced arthritis

“…In order to protect the synovial tissue from inflammatory cell infiltration, a synergistic effect will be expected with the combined treatment of paroxetine and GM-CSF inhibitor for RA patients. Intercellular cell adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1), vascular cell adhesion protein 1 (VCAM-1), and CXCL13 are involved in B cell migration23. As we known, receptor of GM-CSF, ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 are not belong to GPCRs.…”

Are techniques for general anesthesia less invasive than procedures for cataract surgery?

“…2 Previous in vitro studies on cultured RPE cells suggest that HCQ causes retinal damage through changing RPE lysosomal pH, resulting in higher levels of lipofuscin, a pigment that commonly accumulates with age and is associated with photoreceptor degeneration. 2 Interestingly Bharadwaj et al 4 showed in vitro that leukocyte migration on retinal epithelium is linked to an increased expression of adhesion molecules (including intercellular adhesion molecule (ICAM-1)).…”

“…3 PT-INR4 3 in patents with VKAs also points to abnormal bleeding. 2,4 In this context, we think of a scenario where an anesthetic plan for outpatient cataract surgery was unexpectedly changed from local to general anesthesia. If this patient had taken DOACs several hours before the surgery, the risk of hematoma in the upper airway caused by laryngoscopy should be increased.…”