Molecular signaling pathways, pathophysiological features in various organs, and treatment strategies in SARS-CoV2 infection

Rasmi, Yousef; Hatamkhani, Shima; Naderi, Roya; Shokati, Ameneh; Zadeh, Vajiheh. Nayeb; Hosseinzadeh, Faezeh; Farnamian, Yeganeh; Jalali, Ladan

doi:10.1016/j.acthis.2022.151908

Cited by 7 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 218 publications

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“…There are ample theoretical reasons that heritable genetic variation could affect SARS-CoV-2 infection, beginning with the viral requirement for surface receptors to gain entry to the cytoplasm [58] and running through multiple immune response pathways generating the "cytokine storm" which has been prominently noted in the pathogenesis of COVID-19. [59] A number of genetic variants have been associated with morbidity and mortality, including variants in the angiotensin converting enzyme 1 (ACE1)…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genetic Variant rs1205 is Associated with COVID-19 Outcomes: The Strong Heart Study and Strong Heart Family Study

Best

Erdei

Haack

et al. 2023

Preprint

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Background: Although COVID-19 infection has been associated with a number of clinical and environmental risk factors, host genetic variation has also been associated with the incidence and morbidity of infection. The CRP gene codes for a critical component of the innate immune system and CRP variants have been reported associated with infectious disease and vaccination outcomes. We investigated possible associations between COVID-19 outcome and a limited number of candidate gene variants including rs1205. Methodology/Principal Findings: The Strong Heart and Strong Heart Family studies have accumulated detailed genetic, cardiovascular risk and event data in geographically dispersed American Indian communities since 1988. Chi-square tests, logistic regression and generalized linear mixed models (implemented in SOLAR) were used in analysis. Genotypic data and 91 COVID-19 adjudicated deaths or hospitalizations from 2/1/20 through 3/1/23 were identified among 3,780 participants in two subsets. Among 21 candidate variants including genes in the interferon response pathway, APOE, TMPRSS2, TLR3, the HLA complex and the ABO blood group, only rs1205, a 3' untranslated region variant in the CRP gene, showed nominally significant association in T-dominant model analyses (odds ratio 1.859, 95%CI 1.001-3.453, p=0.049) after adjustment for age, sex, center, body mass index, and a history of cardiovascular disease. Within the younger subset, association with the rs1205 T-Dom genotype was stronger, both in the same adjusted logistic model and in the SOLAR analysis also adjusting for other genetic relatedness. Conclusion: A T-dominant genotype of rs1205 in the CRP gene is associated with COVID-19 death or hospitalization, even after adjustment for relevant clinical factors and potential participant relatedness. Additional study of other populations and genetic variants of this gene are warranted.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genetic Variant rs1205 is Associated with COVID-19 Outcomes: The Strong Heart Study and Strong Heart Family Study

Best

Erdei

Haack

et al. 2023

Preprint

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“…A viral infection can cause intestinal wall permeability and malabsorption by enterocytes. Patients infected with SARS-CoV-2 had elevated fecal calprotectin levels, indicating intestinal inflammation [44]. A recent systematic review showed that COVID-19 patients had a depletion in the genera Ruminococcus, Alistipes, Eubacterium, Bifidobacterium, Faecalibacterium, Roseburia, Fusicathenibacter, and Blautia, as well as the enrichment of Eggerthella, Bacteroides, Actinomyces, Clostridium, Streptococcus, Rothia, and Collin-sella as shown in Figure 2 Respiratory dysbiosis can also influence the digestive tract through immune control, and the composition and function of the gut microbiome can affect the respiratory tract through the underlying mucosal immune system.…”

Section: Alteration Of Gut Microbiota Upon Sars-cov-2 Infectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[50]. Moreover, fecal samples with high SARS-CoV-2 infectivity contained more opportunistic pathogenic bacteria (such as Collinsella species and Morganella morganii) and fewer bacteria that produce short-chain fatty acids (like Parabacteroides merdae and Lachnospiraceae bacterium) compared to samples with low SARS-CoV-2 viral infectivity [44].…”

Section: Alteration Of Gut Microbiota Upon Sars-cov-2 Infectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Functional Foods: A Promising Strategy for Restoring Gut Microbiota Diversity Impacted by SARS-CoV-2 Variants

Banerjee¹,

Somasundaram²,

Das³

et al. 2023

Preprint

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Natural herbs and functional foods contain bioactive molecules capable of augmenting the immune system and mediating anti-viral functions. Functional foods, such as prebiotics, probiotics, and dietary fibers, have been shown to have positive effects on gut microbiota diversity and immune function. The use of functional foods has been linked with en-hanced immunity, regeneration, improved cognitive function, maintenance of gut mi-crobiota, and significant improvement in overall health. The gut microbiota plays a critical role in maintaining overall health and immune function, and disruptions to its balance have been linked to various health problems. SARS-CoV-2 infection has been shown to affect gut microbiota diversity, and the emergence of variants poses new challenges to combat the virus. SARS-CoV-2 recognizes and infects human cells through ACE2 receptors prevalent in lung and gut epithelial cells. Humans are prone to SARS-CoV-2 infection because the respiratory and gastrointestinal tracts are rich in microbial diversity and contain high ACE2 and TMPRSS2. This review article explores the potential use of functional foods in mitigating the impact of SARS-CoV-2 variants on gut microbiota diversity and the potential use of functional foods as a strategy to combat these effects.

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“…As of August 2022, the COVID-19 pandemic has been responsible for more than 92.8 million illnesses and 1,032,560 deaths in the United States [1]. The case fatality rate ranges from less than 0.1% to greater than 40%, depending on risk factors (e.g., age, comorbidities) and country specific factors (e.g., testing strategies, health care resources, caseloads) [2][3][4][5]. Many promising therapeutic options have been identified throughout the pandemic to treat and to abate the pathophysiologic response to SARS-CoV-2 [4,5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The case fatality rate ranges from less than 0.1% to greater than 40%, depending on risk factors (e.g., age, comorbidities) and country specific factors (e.g., testing strategies, health care resources, caseloads) [2][3][4][5]. Many promising therapeutic options have been identified throughout the pandemic to treat and to abate the pathophysiologic response to SARS-CoV-2 [4,5]. Given the high mortality in certain risk groups and the emergent nature of the pandemic, off-label use of FDA approved medications with potential efficacy has been employed in the absence of randomized controlled trials to provide confirmatory safety and efficacy data.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Patient Characteristics and Outcomes among Two COVID-19 Therapeutics Registries in Maine

D¹,

Astha²,

L³

et al. 2023

J Infect Dis Epidemiol

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Molecular signaling pathways, pathophysiological features in various organs, and treatment strategies in SARS-CoV2 infection

Cited by 7 publications

References 218 publications

Genetic Variant rs1205 is Associated with COVID-19 Outcomes: The Strong Heart Study and Strong Heart Family Study

Genetic Variant rs1205 is Associated with COVID-19 Outcomes: The Strong Heart Study and Strong Heart Family Study

Functional Foods: A Promising Strategy for Restoring Gut Microbiota Diversity Impacted by SARS-CoV-2 Variants

Patient Characteristics and Outcomes among Two COVID-19 Therapeutics Registries in Maine

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