Molecular signaling of G‐protein‐coupled receptor in chronic heart failure and associated complications

Abstract

The well‐known condition of heart failure is a clinical syndrome that results when the myocardium's ability to pump enough blood to meet the body's metabolic needs is impaired. Most of the cardiac activity is maintained by adrenoceptors, are categorized into two main α and β and three distinct subtypes of β receptor: β1‐, β2‐, and β3‐adrenoceptors. The β adrenoreceptor is the main regulatory macro proteins, predominantly available on heart and responsible for down regulatory cardiac signaling. Moreover, the pathological involvement of Angiotensin‐converting enzyme 1 (ACE1)/angiotensin II (Ang II)/angiotensin II type 1 (AT1) axis and beneficial ACE2/Ang (1‐7)/Mas receptor axis also shows protective role via Gi βγ, during heart failure these receptors get desensitized or internalized due to increase in the activity of G‐protein‐coupled receptor kinase 2 (GRK2) and GRK5, responsible for phosphorylation of G‐protein‐mediated down regulatory signaling. Here, we investigate the various clinical and preclinical data that exhibit the molecular mechanism of upset level of GRK change the cardiac activity during failing heart.

Effects of enteral nutrition on heart function, inflammatory markers and immune function in elderly patients with chronic heart failure

“… 20 The deficiency of protein can directly lead to the contractile function of cardiomyocytes and accelerate their death. 21 In view of this, a more individualized nutritional therapy is preferred for patients with CHF.…”

Call for Papers for a Virtual Special Issue on GPCR Signaling

“…The full extent of this phenomenon and its physiological ramifications remain to be fully elucidated. In this context, it is now thought that the AT1 receptor may be internalized by G protein-independent signals through mechanisms actually mediated by β-arrestin and GRKs . Modulating the GRK (and arrestin) functions in these cases could serve to increase myocardial responsiveness.…”

Frequency of Subclinical Hypo and Hyperthyroidism in Patients Presenting With Congestive Heart Failure

“…Congestive heart failure (CHF) is a clinical syndrome when the heart cannot pump enough blood to meet the body's metabolic demands (Altamish et al, 2020). On the other hand, thyroid dysfunction is a condition in which the thyroid gland does not produce enough or produces too much thyroid hormone, leading to either hypothyroidism or hyperthyroidism, respectively.…”