Molecular sidebands of refractory elements for ISOL

Kronenberg, A. K.; Spejewski, E.H.; Carter, H.K.; Mervin, B.; Jost, C.; Stracener, D. W.; Lapi, Suzanne E.; Bray, Travis H.

doi:10.1016/j.nimb.2008.05.147

Cited by 8 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…Refractory elements (e.g., vanadium, zirconium and molybdenum), that have a very high melting point and low vapor pressure, cannot be released from an ISOL target in atomic form. Chemical evaporation techniques and the formation of molecular sidebands are being discussed to overcome this limitation for some refractory elements [253,254]. As the thick-target ISOL technique relies on the diffusion of the wanted atoms out of the target and their effusion into the ion source, decay losses significantly limit the intensity for species with short lifetimes [255][256][257].…”

Section: Isotope Separation On-line (Isol) Techniquesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nuclear astrophysics with radioactive beams

2010

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a b s t r a c tThe quest to comprehend how nuclear processes influence astrophysical phenomena is driving experimental and theoretical research programs worldwide. One of the main goals in nuclear astrophysics is to understand how energy is generated in stars, how elements are synthesized in stellar events and what the nature of neutron stars is. New experimental capabilities, the availability of radioactive beams and increased computational power paired with new astronomical observations have advanced the present knowledge. This review summarizes the progress in the field of nuclear astrophysics with a focus on the role of indirect methods and reactions involving beams of rare isotopes.

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Section: Isotope Separation On-line (Isol) Techniquesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nuclear astrophysics with radioactive beams

2010

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“…Various forms of

Ti and

V target materials capable of producing Sc isotope beams have been used at ISOLDE in the past 40 years [ 32 ] and are summarized in Table 2 . TiO

, Ti

, and TiN target materials for isotope separation on-line (ISOL) have been investigated by Oak Ridge National Laboratory (US) and TRIUMF (Canada), but only for

V release [ 35 ]. Ti, VC, and TiC target materials have been fluorinated with CF

gas addition during operations at ISOLDE to promote Sc release, but the extraction of mono-atomic Sc even at 1900 °C from target units was slow and did not improve with the CF

addition [ 28 , 35 ] or was obtained in conditions where the target material was molten and being evaporated [ 36 ].…”

Section: Thick Targets and Mass Separatormentioning

confidence: 99%

Target Development towards First Production of High-Molar- Activity 44gSc and 47Sc by Mass Separation at CERN-MEDICIS

Mamis,

Duchemin,

Berlin

et al. 2024

Pharmaceuticals

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The radionuclides 43Sc, 44g/mSc, and 47Sc can be produced cost-effectively in sufficient yield for medical research and applications by irradiating natTi and natV target materials with protons. Maximizing the production yield of the therapeutic 47Sc in the highest cross section energy range of 24–70 MeV results in the co-production of long-lived, high-γ-ray-energy 46Sc and 48Sc contaminants if one does not use enriched target materials. Mass separation can be used to obtain high molar activity and isotopically pure Sc radionuclides from natural target materials; however, suitable operational conditions to obtain relevant activity released from irradiated natTi and natV have not yet been established at CERN-MEDICIS and ISOLDE. The objective of this work was to develop target units for the production, release, and purification of Sc radionuclides by mass separation as well as to investigate target materials for the mass separation that are compatible with high-yield Sc radionuclide production in the 9–70 MeV proton energy range. In this study, the in-target production yield obtained at MEDICIS with 1.4 GeV protons is compared with the production yield that can be reached with commercially available cyclotrons. The thick-target materials were irradiated at MEDICIS and comprised of metallic natTi, natV metallic foils, and natTiC pellets. The produced radionuclides were subsequently released, ionized, and extracted from various target and ion source units and mass separated. Mono-atomic Sc laser and molecule ionization with forced-electron-beam-induced arc-discharge ion sources were investigated. Sc radionuclide production in thick natTi and natV targets at MEDICIS is equivalent to low- to medium-energy cyclotron-irradiated targets at medically relevant yields, furthermore benefiting from the mass separation possibility. A two-step laser resonance ionization scheme was used to obtain mono-atomic Sc ion beams. Sc radionuclide release from irradiated target units most effectively could be promoted by volatile scandium fluoride formation. Thus, isotopically pure 44g/mSc, 46Sc, and 47Sc were obtained as mono-atomic and molecular ScF 2+ ion beams and collected for the first time at CERN-MEDICIS. Among all the investigated target materials, natTiC is the most suitable target material for Sc mass separation as molecular halide beams, due to high possible operating temperatures and sustained release.

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“…Refractory elements (e.g., vanadium, zirconium and molybdenum), that have a very high melting point and low vapor pressure, cannot be released from an ISOL target in atomic form. Chemical evaporation techniques and the formation of molecular sidebands are being discussed to overcome this limitation for some refractory elements [260,261]. As the thick-target ISOL technique relies on the diffusion of the wanted atoms out of the target and their effusion into the ion source, decay losses significantly limit the intensity for species with short lifetimes [262][263][264].…”

Section: Isotope Separation On-line (Isol) Techniquesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nuclear Astrophysics with Radioactive Beams

Bertulani,

Gade

2009

Preprint

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The quest to comprehend how nuclear processes influence astrophysical phenomena is driving experimental and theoretical research programs worldwide. One of the main goals in nuclear astrophysics is to understand how energy is generated in stars, how elements are synthesized in stellar events and what the nature of neutron stars is. New experimental capabilities, the availability of radioactive beams and increased computational power paired with new astronomical observations have advanced the present knowledge. This review summarizes the progress in the field of nuclear astrophysics with a focus on the role of indirect methods and reactions involving beams of rare isotopes.

show abstract

Molecular sidebands of refractory elements for ISOL

Cited by 8 publications

References 19 publications

Nuclear astrophysics with radioactive beams

Nuclear astrophysics with radioactive beams

Target Development towards First Production of High-Molar- Activity 44gSc and 47Sc by Mass Separation at CERN-MEDICIS

Nuclear Astrophysics with Radioactive Beams

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