Molecular Shaping of the Beak

Wu, Ping; Jiang, Ting‐Xin; Suksaweang, Sanong; Widelitz, Randall B.; Chuong, Cheng‐Ming

doi:10.1126/science.1098109

Cited by 223 publications

(224 citation statements)

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“…In ducks, the two bilaterally positioned growth zones persisted in the lateral edges. These findings were demonstrated in the threedimensional reconstruction of the LoGZ (Wu et al, 2004). Here, we further compare the whole-mount BrdU staining between chickens and ducks at stage 20.…”

Section: Logz and Molecular Expressionmentioning

confidence: 54%

“…2A). An initial study comparing the LoGZ of chicken and duck FNM was reported (Wu et al, 2004). Short (1.5-hr) BrdU pulse labeling of stage 26 to stage 28 chickens showed that cell proliferation in both FNM lateral edges shifted toward the rostral margin and gradually converged into one centrally localized zone.…”

Section: Logz and Molecular Expressionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Practically, we did not observe changes of apoptosis at this scale, and detailed data on cell flux/influx in these primordia are not yet available. We did observe multiple and dynamically changing localized niches of increased cell proliferation in developing facial primordia (Wu et al, 2004). Therefore, in this study, we used 1.5-hr 5-bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) labeling to map the LoGZ.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Both chicken and duck embryos have two LoGZ in the lateral FNM at stage 26 (chicken Hamburger and Hamilton stage [H&H] or duck equivalent; Wu et al, 2004). The two LoGZ converged into one centrally localized LoGZ at stage 28 in the chicken but remained separated as two lateral LoGZ in the duck.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The two LoGZ converged into one centrally localized LoGZ at stage 28 in the chicken but remained separated as two lateral LoGZ in the duck. We showed that these LoGZ regions are enriched with bone morphogenetic protein 4 (BMP4) and further showed that BMP4 is involved in mediating LoGZ activity (Wu et al, 2004). Dr. Tabin's group investigated the molecular underpinnings of Galapagos Island finch beak evolution directly.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Morphoregulation of avian beaks: Comparative mapping of growth zone activities and morphological evolution

Jiang

Shen

et al. 2006

Developmental Dynamics

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116

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Avian beak diversity is a classic example of morphological evolution. Recently, we showed that localized cell proliferation mediated by bone morphogenetic protein 4 (BMP4) can explain the different shapes of chicken and duck beaks (Wu et al. [2004] Science 305:1465). Here, we compare further growth activities among chicken (conical and slightly curved), duck (straight and long), and cockatiel (highly curved) developing beak primordia. We found differential growth activities among different facial prominences and within one prominence. The duck has a wider frontal nasal mass (FNM), and more sustained fibroblast growth factor 8 activity. The cockatiel has a thicker FNM that grows more vertically and a relatively reduced mandibular prominence. In each prominence the number, size, and position of localized growth zones can vary: it is positioned more rostrally in the duck and more posteriorly in the cockatiel FNM, correlating with beak curvature. BMP4 is enriched in these localized growth zones. When BMP activity is experimentally altered in all prominences, beak size was enlarged or reduced proportionally. When only specific prominences were altered, the prototypic conical shaped chicken beaks were converted into an array of beak shapes mimicking those in nature. These results suggest that the size of beaks can be modulated by the overall activity of the BMP pathway, which mediates the growth. The shape of the beaks can be fine-tuned by localized BMP activity, which mediates the range, level, and duration of locally enhanced growth. Implications of topobiology vs. molecular blueprint concepts in the Evo-Devo of avian beak forms are discussed.

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Section: Logz and Molecular Expressionmentioning

confidence: 54%

Section: Logz and Molecular Expressionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Morphoregulation of avian beaks: Comparative mapping of growth zone activities and morphological evolution

Jiang

Shen

et al. 2006

Developmental Dynamics

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116

119

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Systematics and Evolution

Schwartz

2011

Encyclopedia of Molecular Cell Biology and Molecular Medicine

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Vertebrate Embryo: Craniofacial Development

Francis‐West¹,

Crespo-Enríquez²

2016

Encyclopedia of Life Sciences

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Craniofacial development requires the co‐ordinated integration of signals from the endoderm, mesoderm, ectoderm, neuroectoderm and neural crest cells (NCCs). Reflecting this complexity, craniofacial abnormalities are leading causes of birth defects and infant mortality. As the craniofacial complex shares tissue origins with the heart, craniofacial defects are often linked to cardiac defects. The key steps in craniofacial development and evolution include the generation, migration and differentiation of NCCs, and the dynamic interplay between signals in the NCC and the endoderm, ectoderm and mesoderm. The NCC determine species diversity whilst signals from the endoderm determine which facial structures are formed. Reflecting the evolutionary novelty of the head, the mechanisms of musculoskeletal development are also distinct from the trunk. Key Concepts The vertebrate head arose due to the evolution of neural crest and sensory placodes. Neural crest cells are a transient population of multipotent cells that give rise to most of the derivatives of the face and neck. The neck and lower jaw are formed from pharyngeal arches, transient structures that arise in a rostral‐caudal sequence. The pharyngeal arches initially consist of mesoderm, ectoderm, endoderm and neural crest. Each of these tissue layers gives rise to different derivatives. The cranial neural crest arises from the forebrain, midbrain and hindbrain. The neural crest streams migrate along stereotypical paths into the developing face and pharyngeal arches. Patterning of the pharyngeal arches 2, 3, 4 and 6 is determined by Hox genes. The developing face (pharyngeal arch 1 or mandibular primordia, maxillary primordia, lateral and medial processes) does not express Hox genes. The face is patterned by homeobox genes. Growth factors, for example SHH, FGF8, ENDOTHELIN‐1 and BMP4 control the growth of the face (cell survival and proliferation) through epithelial–mesenchymal signalling interactions and patterning via regulation of homeobox gene expression. Signals from the early endoderm pattern the facial primordia, for example medial nasal process (nasal septum) versus the mandibular primordia (Meckel's cartilage). The neural crest determines the shape of the face, that is characteristic species shape. These effects are mediated, in part, by BMP4 expression and the positioning of the FEZ, a growth zone in the upper face. The cranial mesoderm and cranial NCC are required for both the development of the head and heart and therefore, cardiac and craniofacial abnormalities often occur together. The development of some cardiac muscles and cranial striated muscles has shared molecular requirements.

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Molecular Shaping of the Beak

Cited by 223 publications

References 11 publications

Morphoregulation of avian beaks: Comparative mapping of growth zone activities and morphological evolution

Morphoregulation of avian beaks: Comparative mapping of growth zone activities and morphological evolution

Systematics and Evolution

Vertebrate Embryo: Craniofacial Development

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