Molecular Responses and Degradation Mechanisms of the Herbicide Diuron in Rice Crops

Abstract

Diuron [DU; 3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-1,1-dimethylurea], a widely used herbicide for weed control, arouses ecological and health risks due to its environment persistence. Our findings revealed that DU at 0.125–2.0 mg L–1 caused oxidative damage to rice. RNA-sequencing profiles disclosed a globally genetic expression landscape of rice under DU treatment. DU mediated downregulated gene encoding photosynthesis and biosynthesis of protein, fatty acid, and carbohydrate. Conversely, it induced the upregulation of numerous genes involved in xenobiotic metabolism, detoxification, and anti-oxidation. Furthermore, 15 DU metabolites produced by metabolic genes were identified, 7 of which include two Phase I-based and 5 Phase II-based derivatives, were reported for the first time. The changes of resistance-related phytohormones, like JA, ABA, and SA, in terms of their contents and molecular-regulated signaling pathways positively responded to DU stress. Our work provides a molecular-scale perspective on the response of rice to DU toxicity and clarifies the biotransformation and degradation fate of DU in rice crops.

Comprehensive toxicological, metabolomic, and transcriptomic analysis of the biodegradation and adaptation mechanism by Achromobacter xylosoxidans SL-6 to diuron

“…It was reported diuron could induce lipid peroxidation of the cell membrane by generating ROS, thereby leading to oxidative stress injury ( Wang et al, 2022 ). ROS, MDA, and LDH were common indicators of cellular oxidative damage ( Wakeel et al, 2020 ).…”

“…Diuron (3-(3,4 dichlorophenyl)-1,1 dimethylurea) was a phenylurea herbicide that was extensively acted to Broadleaf weeds and grassy weeds in diverse crops fields such as cotton, fruit, and cereals ( Li et al, 2021 ; Wang et al, 2022 ). Its function was to block the binding sites of plastid quinones in photosynthetic system II, and then destroy electron transport, thereby leading to weed death.…”

Pesticides Toxicity, Removal and Detoxification in Plants: A Review

“…Pesticide stress has been shown to be detrimental to plant growth and development. It was observed that when rice plants were treated with 0.125 mg/L of butachlor, their elongation rate, biomass and chlorophyll content decreased significantly, to only 58.3%, 46.3% and 50.5% of the untreated control [23]. The growth of onion roots was significantly reduced (p < 0.01) by 37.94% and 56.03% following treatment with 175 µg/mL and 1750 µg/mL of IMD [10].…”

Review on Pesticide Abiotic Stress over Crop Health and Intervention by Various Biostimulants

“…The expression of genes encoding calmodulin-like protein (CML) and calmodulin (CAM) proteins was strongly suppressed, as well as the expression of transcription factors belonging to the WRKY family. rice 217 diuron Five genes involved in ABA production up-regulated OsNCED4 and four AAO genes (LOC_Os03g57720, LOC_Os03g31550, and LOC_Os03g57690), which encode 9-cis-epoxycarotenoid dioxygenase (NCED) and ABA aldehyde oxidase (AAO). Brassica napus L. 218…”