Molecular response uncovers neurotoxicity of Pardosa pseudoannulata exposed to cadmium pressure

Transcriptome Changes Reveal the Toxic Mechanism of Cadmium and Lead Combined Exposure on Silk Production and Web-Weaving Behavior of Spider A. ventricosus

“…Similarly, a recent study has also reported the enrichment of protein metabolism pathways in the context of Cd toxicity in spiders . Additional transcriptome analyses have also indicated alterations in genes involved in protein and amino acid metabolism, particularly glycine, serine, and threonine metabolism, in spiders exposed to Cd. , Furthermore, the female spider Steatoda grossa exhibited a 47% reduction in energy input in web production, when subjected to Cd exposure for a duration of 4 weeks …”

“…The prolonged exposure to Cd was found to impede the foraging capability and prey consumed time, potentially due to heightened neuronal excitation in P. pseudoannulata spiders. This was supported by the notable upregulation of genes encoding acetylcholine receptors (mAChRs and nAChRs) and transmitter GluRs, as well as the evident enrichment of nerve sensitivity related terms, including cation transmembrane transporter and ion transport . Interestingly, a previous study revealed that spiders Agelena labyrinthica exposed to Hg­(NO 3 ) 2 solution showed a notable rise in the frequency of web-weaving in the lower placement, which may be attributed to the potential neural dysfunction and neurotransmitter abnormalities caused by mercury .…”

“…It has been observed that spiders exhibit distinct responses to the toxicities of heavy metals by modulating DEGs and DEPs expression associated with protein synthesis, energy supply, antioxidant mechanisms, and neural regulation. ,,,, Through the utilization of an integrated multidisciplinary research approach, our study proposed that the toxicities of Cd and Pb combined exposure, but not limited to oxidative damage, degenerative changes of cell, and disrupting of neuromodulation and amino acid anabolic, could subsequently lead to impeding the silk production and web-weaving capabilities of spiders. Based on the transcriptomics findings, it could be inferred that the observed downregulation of genes involved in protein synthesis and alteration of spidroin genes as well as the upregulation of AChEs and Glu genes potentially tend to contribute to the inhibition of silk protein synthesis and disruption of neuromodulation in web-weaving behavior, respectively.…”

RNA interference against the putative insulin receptor substrate gene IRS1 affects growth and development in the pest natural enemy Pardosa pseudoannulata

“…The reference gene used was the 18S ribosomal RNA of Pardosa pseudoannulata. 41,42 RT-qPCR used the following reaction conditions: an initial denaturation at 95 °C for 30 s, followed by 40 cycles of 95 °C for 5 s, 60 °C for 30 s and 72 °C for 30 s. A temperature of 95 °C for 30 s was used for melting curve analysis, and to ensure the consistency and specificity of the amplified products. Normalization of cDNA levels was performed using 18S ribosomal RNA and the 2 −ΔΔCt method for analysis.…”

Cuticular compounds inhibit cannibalism of early‐instar spiderlings by pulli‐carrying Pardosa pseudoannulata females

“…The cannibalistic and agonistic activity of E. atrica females toward juveniles altered in association with changes in the cuticular compound composition of the young, rather than the females’ physiological status (Trabalon et al ., 1996; Pourie & Trabalon, 1999; Pourie et al ., 2005). Abiotic factors could also influence the cuticular compound composition by affecting spiderling molting (Wang et al ., 2019; Lv et al ., 2021; Wang et al ., 2021).…”