“…As the 2-propanol concentration is decreased, water-propanol interactions start to dominate so that the gel deswells. Thus, the competing attractive interactions between water-solvent and polymer-solvent result in the reentrant conformational transitions in the network [37][38][39]. The effect of solvent type on hydrogel swellings.…”
Stimuli-responsive hydrogels (SRH) were prepared by using monomers (i.e. N-isopropyl acrylamide; NIPAM and acrylamide; AAm), co-monomers (i.e. methacrylic acid; MPA or mesaconic acid; MFA) and a crosslinker (N, N’-methylene bisacrylamide; N-Bis). SRH have been prepared by thermal free radical polymerization reaction in aqueous solution. Spectroscopic and thermal analyses such as Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis and differential scanning calorimetry analysis were performed for SRH characterization. The equilibrium swelling studies by gravimetrically were carried out in different solvents, at the solutions, temperature, pH, and ionic strengths to determine their effect on swelling characteristic of the hydrogels. In addition, cycles equilibrium swelling studies were made with the solutions at different temperatures and at different pH. NIPAM/AAm hydrogel exhibits a lover critical solution temperature (LCST) at 28 oC, whereas NIPAM/AAm-MPA and NIPAM/AAm-MFA hydrogels exhibit a LCST at 31 C and 35 oC, respectively, and the LCST of NIPAM/AAm-MFA hydrogel is close to the body temperature.
“…As the 2-propanol concentration is decreased, water-propanol interactions start to dominate so that the gel deswells. Thus, the competing attractive interactions between water-solvent and polymer-solvent result in the reentrant conformational transitions in the network [37][38][39]. The effect of solvent type on hydrogel swellings.…”
Stimuli-responsive hydrogels (SRH) were prepared by using monomers (i.e. N-isopropyl acrylamide; NIPAM and acrylamide; AAm), co-monomers (i.e. methacrylic acid; MPA or mesaconic acid; MFA) and a crosslinker (N, N’-methylene bisacrylamide; N-Bis). SRH have been prepared by thermal free radical polymerization reaction in aqueous solution. Spectroscopic and thermal analyses such as Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis and differential scanning calorimetry analysis were performed for SRH characterization. The equilibrium swelling studies by gravimetrically were carried out in different solvents, at the solutions, temperature, pH, and ionic strengths to determine their effect on swelling characteristic of the hydrogels. In addition, cycles equilibrium swelling studies were made with the solutions at different temperatures and at different pH. NIPAM/AAm hydrogel exhibits a lover critical solution temperature (LCST) at 28 oC, whereas NIPAM/AAm-MPA and NIPAM/AAm-MFA hydrogels exhibit a LCST at 31 C and 35 oC, respectively, and the LCST of NIPAM/AAm-MFA hydrogel is close to the body temperature.
“…The latter phenomenon, currently known as “volume phase transition” was first reported in the case of saponified polyacrylamide gels 32. This phenomenon has gained attention of many researchers mainly because of its smartness aspect 33, 34. In the present study, the change in absorbency of starch based SAP was examined in different compositions of various water–solvent systems (Fig.…”
Superabsorbent polymers (SAPs) are hydrophilic polymeric networks that can absorb, swell and retain large quantity of water and other physiological fluids. In this paper, the water sorption pattern and kinetics of cassava starch based SAP hydrogels were studied under different conditions of swelling such as soaking duration, pH, presence of salts, and particle size of the hydrogel. The kinetics was studied using Voigt‐based viscoelastic model to determine the rate parameter and the swelling rate (SR). It was noted that under all conditions, the water sorption followed a second order kinetics. The absorbency was directly proportional to the rate of swelling. But when the sample was allowed to swell in aqueous solutions of CaCl2 and AlCl3, the absorbency as well as the SR was irregular. The particle size also had significant effect on water absorption by the SAP and the polymer with smaller particles showed more absorption than those with larger particle size. The solvent induced phase transition of the superabsorbent hydrogel was also studied.
“…Therefore, when the polymer conformation shows collapsed structure in simulations, at finite concentrations, this can lead to aggregates. 36 Furthermore, as identified by the simulations and based on the wellknown behavior of PMPC aqueous alcohol mixtures, 25,26 inner cores of micelles are formed by the MPC blocks for higher alcohol concentrations, while NIPAm units are forming the outside shell. On the other hand, for x c < 0.5, the inner core is PNIPAm-rich with outer PMPC blocks.…”
A true challenge in designing multiresponsive
complex macromolecular
architectures is to tune their conformation at will by changing the
gradients of external stimuli. However, the lack of a clear molecular-level
understanding, establishing a delicate interplay between segment-based
interaction details and large-scale macromolecular properties, has
hindered the implementation of design principles for a long time.
Combining molecular simulations, together with complementary polymer
synthesis and characterization, we propose a molecular-level design
principle of multiresponsive copolymer architectures. For this purpose,
we use the co-nonsolvency concept that is associated with polymer
collapse in miscible good solvents. We show how the responsiveness
of different polymer blocks can provide fully flexible conformational
tuning and, therefore, may serve as a guiding principle for smart
material design.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.