Molecular Prevalence of<i>Babesia bigemina</i>and<i>Trypanosoma evansi</i>in Dairy Animals from Punjab, India, by Duplex PCR: A Step Forward to the Detection and Management of Concurrent Latent Infections

Bisla

et al. 2017

IJAR

The present study aimed to diagnose Babesia bigemina in naturally infected crossbred cows and to determine its effect on haemato-biochemical profile of host animals. Blood samples from lactating crossbred cows (n=30) between 3-6 years of age and showing clinical signs of babesiosis were collected, with or without anticoagulant, and analyzed for the protozoa by direct smear, direct blood PCR detection of the apical membrane antigen 1 (AMA-1) gene specific amplicon of B. bigemina and estimation of haematological and biochemical parameters. Healthy crossbred cows (n=10), examined free from haemoprotozoan infections were included as control. Blood Direct PCR revealed a 448-bp amplified fragment. Out of 150 random blood samples screened, (27/150) 18% were positive under light microscope, whereas direct blood PCR revealed (39/150) 26% samples positive for B. bigemina. The result shows higher specificity and sensitivity of PCR test over blood smear examination. The infected group showed significantly (p<0.001) decreased levels of TEC (3.04±0.19), Hb (4.78±0.27) and PCV (14.53 ±0.87) than healthy control animals. However, differences in the red blood cell indices (MCV, MCH and MCHC) were non-significant (p>0.05) between the groups indicating normocytic hypochromic anaemia in affected crossbred cattle. Serum samples of infected cows showed significantly (p<0.01) higher values of ALT (78.83±8.95), AST (146.13±7.62), BUN (27.09±1.02), creatinine (1.93±0.1) and TBIL (1.42±0.06) than that of healthy control. A significant decrease (p<0.01) of TSP (6.12±0.13) and albumin (2.39±0.09) was also recorded in the infected cows compare to healthy control. The standardized blood direct PCR method of the present investigation may be useful for rapid and reliable diagnosis of B. bigemina in conjunction with microscopic examination. Moreover, marked changes in haematological and serum biochemical profile observed in B. bigemina infected crossbred cows may be useful in understanding disease pathogenesis and undertaking necessary corrective measures.

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 94%

Direct blood PCR detection of Babesia bigemina and its effect on haematological and biochemical profile in crossbred cattle of eastern Haryana

Bisla

et al. 2017

IJAR

“…They cause significant morbidity and mortality in cattle and buffaloes. Dairy animals, especially bovines, which are bearing production stress along with other diseases, are potential viable host to these infections (McLeod and Kristjanson, 1999;Sharma et al, 2013). An estimate of US$ 498.7 million per annum was calculated as the cost of controlling ticks and tick borne diseases in India (Minjauw and McLeod, 2003).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence and asssessment of risk factors for haemoprotozoan infectionsin cattle and buffaloes of South-West Gujarat, India

Maharana

Kumar

Prasad

et al. 2016

IJAR

A total of 480 suspected blood samples were collected from cattle (n=254) and buffaloes (n=226) during the study period from September 2011 to December 2014 for determination of prevalence of haemoprotozoan parasites from South Western Gujarat (Junagadh). The conventional optical microscopy of Giemsa stained blood smears revealed that 37% of cattle and 38.93% of buffaloes were infected with haemoprotozoan parasites including Anaplasma marginale, Babesia bigemina, Trypanosoma evansi and Theileria annulata. The animals infected with haemoprotozoan diseases showed lower total erythrocyte count (TEC), haemoglobin (Hb), packed cell volume (PCV), mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration (MCHC) and higher total leukocyte count (TLC) and mean corpuscular volume (MCV). Incidence of haemoprotozoan infection between the breeds differed significantly (P<0.05). Haemoprotozoan infections were recorded significantly higher (P<0.001) in monsoon season followed by summer and being lowest in winter season in cattle. Over all prevalence in female animals were higher than male counterparts. In both the species, over all higher prevalence of babesiosis was recorded in comparison to other haemoprotozoan diseases and the difference being statistically non-significant (p>0.05). The prevalence of B. bigemina in bovines was associated with various risk factors namely age, season and breed (p0.05). Sex wise females recorded apparently higher infection rates than males. The multivariate logistic regression models showed that the risk of babesiosis was significantly higher in rainy season (OR=5.18, P=0.003) followed by summer (OR=3.9, P=0.019) compared to winter season. Conversely, in buffaloes, the risk of babesiosis was significantly higher in summer season (OR=9.0, P=0.004) followed by rainy (OR=7.43, P=0.008) compared to winter season. The risk for anaplasmosis in buffaloes increased by 3.46 times (OR=3.64, p=0.027) in non descriptive breed compared to well defined breed.

J. Vet. Med. Anim. Health

“…Parasitism represents a major obstacle to the development of sub-sector of which trypanosomiasis plays a great role (FAO, 2005). Animal trypaposomosis is a protozoan parasitic disease of domestic animals resulting from infection with different Trypanosoma species transmitted by tsetse fly and other haematophagous flies, mechanically (Sharma et al, 2013). It is a chronic, debilitating disease, which occur in some 240,000 km 2 area of Ethiopia.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence of bovine trypanosomiosis in Gamogoffa Zone, Ouba Debrestahay District, Southern Ethiopia

Bezabih¹,

Bisho²

2017

This cross-sectional study was conducted in Ouba Debre-Tsehay District, Gamogoffa Zone, Southern Ethiopia from October 2013 to July 2014 with the objectives of estimating the prevalence of bovine trypanosomiasis and to assess the possible risk factors. Blood samples were collected from 384 randomly selected cattle from purposefully selected peasant associations with consideration of different age groups and both sexes. Buffy coat method was employed for parasitological survey and packed cell volume (PCV) determination was done. From the examined animals, 58 (15.1%; 95% CI: 11.7-19.6) were positive for trypanosome infection. In the area, Trypanosome congolense and Trypanosome vivax were the two identified Trypanosoma species with proportion of 60.3 and 27.6% , respectively and 12.1% mixed infection. Trypanosomiasis was observed as 13.8% in males and 15.9% in females out of these, 4.9 (95% CI: 1.0-13.7), 11 (95% CI: 5.8-18.4) and 20.1% (95% CI: 14.9-26.1) were found in animals <1year, between 1 and 3 years and above 3 years of age, respectively. Significant difference was observed between <1 year and >3 years of age (p<0.05). Based on body condition category, 8 (95% CI: 4.7-13.8), 16 (95%CI: 10.2-23.5) and 26.1% (95%CI: 17.3-36.6) were good, medium and poor conditioned animals, respectively and there was a significant association between good and poor condition animals (p<0.05). The recorded overall mean PCV in parasitaemic and aparasitaemic animals was 20.4 and 25.6%, respectively; it significantly varied (t=12.28, p = 0.00). Out of the parasitaemic and aparasitaemic animals, 77.6 and 16.6% were anemic, respectively (with PCV < 24%).