Molecular population genetic analysis of the streptokinase gene of <i>Streptococcus pyogenes</i>: mosaic alleles generated by recombination

Kapur, Vivek; Kanjilal, Sagarika; Hamrick, Marcie R.; Li, Ling‐Ling ‐L; Whittam, Thomas S.; Sawyer, Stanley; Musser, James M.

doi:10.1111/j.1365-2958.1995.tb02415.x

Cited by 53 publications

(39 citation statements)

References 40 publications

(11 reference statements)

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Molecular studies have shown that many chromosomal genes from bacteria have a mosaic pattern (2,5,15,19) presumably as a result of recombination with DNA from heterologous sources (10,30,31). The mechanisms causing these patterns are, however, seldom known.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Natural Transformation of Acinetobacter sp. Strain BD413 with Cell Lysates of Acinetobacter sp., Pseudomonas fluorescens , and Burkholderia cepacia in Soil Microcosms

Nielsen

Smalla²,

Elsas

2000

Appl Environ Microbiol

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

To elucidate the biological significance of dead bacterial cells in soil to the intra-and interspecies transfer of gene fragments by natural transformation, we have exposed the kanamycin-sensitive recipient Acinetobacter sp. strain BD413(pFG4) to lysates of the kanamycin-resistant donor bacteria Acinetobacter spp., Pseudomonas fluorescens, and Burkholderia cepacia. Detection of gene transfer was facilitated by the recombinational repair of a partially (317 bp) deleted kanamycin resistance gene in the recipient bacterium. The investigation revealed a significant potential of these DNA sources to transform Acinetobacter spp. residing both in sterile and in nonsterile silt loam soil. Heat-treated (80°C, 15 min) cell lysates were capable of transforming strain BD413 after 4 days of incubation in sterile soil and for up to 8 h in nonsterile soil. Transformation efficiencies obtained in vitro and in situ with the various lysates were similar to or exceeded those obtained with conventionally purified DNA. The presence of cell debris did not inhibit transformation in soil, and the debris may protect DNA from rapid biological inactivation. Natural transformation thus provides Acinetobacter spp. with an efficient mechanism to access genetic information from different bacterial species in soil. The relatively short-term biological activity (e.g., transforming activity) of chromosomal DNA in soil contrasts the earlier reported long-term physical stability of DNA, where fractions have been found to persist for several weeks in soil. Thus, there seems to be a clear difference between the physical and the functional significance of chromosomal DNA in soil.

show abstract

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Natural Transformation of Acinetobacter sp. Strain BD413 with Cell Lysates of Acinetobacter sp., Pseudomonas fluorescens , and Burkholderia cepacia in Soil Microcosms

Nielsen

Smalla²,

Elsas

2000

Appl Environ Microbiol

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Horizontal DNA transfer and recombination are now recognized as important evolutionary mechanisms, complementing mutation, in the diversification of molecules involved in virulence, such as those encoding cell surface structures and other macromolecules for which there is an adaptive advantage in structural diversity (8,15,24,29,36,44). Here we used an established framework of evolutionary relationships among strains of M. haemolytica (13) to study the molecular evolution of the leukotoxin (lktA) gene and to determine the role of horizontal DNA transfer and recombination in leukotoxin evolution.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Sequence Diversity and Molecular Evolution of the Leukotoxin ( lktA ) Gene in Bovine and Ovine Strains of Mannheimia ( Pasteurella ) haemolytica

2001

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The molecular evolution of the leukotoxin structural gene (lktA) of Mannheimia (Pasteurella) haemolytica was investigated by nucleotide sequence comparison of lktA in 31 bovine and ovine strains representing the various evolutionary lineages and serotypes of the species. Eight major allelic variants (1.4 to 15.7% nucleotide divergence) were identified; these have mosaic structures of varying degrees of complexity reflecting a history of horizontal gene transfer and extensive intragenic recombination. The presence of identical alleles in strains of different genetic backgrounds suggests that assortative (entire gene) recombination has also contributed to strain diversification in M. haemolytica. Five allelic variants occur only in ovine strains and consist of recombinant segments derived from as many as four different sources. Four of these alleles consist of DNA (52.8 to 96.7%) derived from the lktA gene of the two related species Mannheimia glucosida and Pasteurella trehalosi, and four contain recombinant segments derived from an allele that is associated exclusively with bovine or bovine-like serotype A2 strains. The two major lineages of ovine serotype A2 strains possess lktA alleles that have very different evolutionary histories and encode divergent leukotoxins (5.3% amino acid divergence), but both contain segments derived from the bovine allele. Homologous segments of donor and recipient alleles are identical or nearly identical, indicating that the recombination events are relatively recent and probably postdate the domestication of cattle and sheep. Our findings suggest that host switching of bovine strains from cattle to sheep, together with inter-and intraspecies recombinational exchanges, has played an important role in generating leukotoxin diversity in ovine strains. In contrast, there is limited allelic diversity of lktA in bovine strains, suggesting that transmission of strains from sheep to cattle has been less important in leukotoxin evolution.Mannheimia haemolytica is the etiological agent of bovine and ovine pneumonic pasteurellosis, a disease that causes considerable economic losses to the cattle and sheep industries (17,20). Capsular serotyping provides the primary basis for the classification of strains and epidemiological typing of M. haemolytica, which has traditionally been subdivided into 13 serotypes (1, 49). The association of different serotypes with infections of cattle and sheep (17,20) suggests that serotype-related strain differences occur in host specificity and virulence. For example, serotype A1 and A6 strains account for almost all cases of bovine pneumonic pasteurellosis, whereas serotype A2 and A7 isolates are the major causes of disease in sheep. It has also been shown that bovine and ovine isolates of the same serotype, e.g., A1, A2, or A6, can be distinguished by differences in chromosomal genotype (13) or outer membrane protein (OMP) profiles (10). The inference is that natural populations of M. haemolytica consist of distinct evolutionary lineages that are differentia...

show abstract

“…The sequence variability was not as high as for M-or M-like proteins and there was no strict correlation of serotype or OF expression between different nucleotide sequence patterns. The substitution of DNA sequences observed was most probably due to horizontal genetic transfer, a mechanism also found for other streptococcal virulence genes (Whatmore & Kehoe, 1994;Kapur et al, 1995).…”

Section: Protein F Of S Pyogenesmentioning

confidence: 94%

Protein F, a fibronectin-binding protein of Streptococcus pyogenes, also binds human fibrinogen: isolation of the protein and mapping of the binding region

et al. 1998

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Summary: During screening of a gene library of Streptococcus pyogenes type M15 for fibrinogen-binding material, a protein of approximately 100 kDa, encoded outside the vir region, was found. DNA sequencing revealed this component to be identical to protein F, a fibronectin-binding protein. Isolation of the recombinant protein, termed F15, was performed by the use of fibrinogen affinity chromatography. The affinity constant (K a) of protein F15 for fibrinogen, 1.25 x 107 mol−1, was lower than that for fibronectin, 1.8 x 108 mol−1. The fibrinogen-binding domain was located in the N-terminal part of the molecule, while the fibronectin-binding domains, as previously determined, were in the C-terminal portion of protein F. To examine the amino acid sequence heterogeneity of protein F, the 5′ part of the prtF gene, corresponding to the N-terminal variable region of the protein, was amplified by PCR from 12 strains of S. pyogenes belonging to six different M-types. Alignment of these nucleotide sequences indicated that the 5′ portion of the prtF gene had probably undergone a number of intragenic recombination and horizontal gene transfer events, allowing a pattern of structural diversity of protein F observed earlier for some other streptococcal virulence factors. There was no strict correlation between M-type and nucleotide sequence of the variable region of the prtF gene and, compared to streptococcal M protein, the overall variation observed for protein F appeared more limited.

show abstract

Molecular population genetic analysis of the streptokinase gene of Streptococcus pyogenes: mosaic alleles generated by recombination

Cited by 53 publications

References 40 publications

Natural Transformation of Acinetobacter sp. Strain BD413 with Cell Lysates of Acinetobacter sp., Pseudomonas fluorescens , and Burkholderia cepacia in Soil Microcosms

Natural Transformation of Acinetobacter sp. Strain BD413 with Cell Lysates of Acinetobacter sp., Pseudomonas fluorescens , and Burkholderia cepacia in Soil Microcosms

Sequence Diversity and Molecular Evolution of the Leukotoxin ( lktA ) Gene in Bovine and Ovine Strains of Mannheimia ( Pasteurella ) haemolytica

Protein F, a fibronectin-binding protein of Streptococcus pyogenes, also binds human fibrinogen: isolation of the protein and mapping of the binding region

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About