Molecular physiology of plasma membrane transporters for organic nutrients.

Abstract

The family of the mammalian GLUT transporters involved in transmembrane translocation of hexoses and related solutes and identified human diseases associated with their malfunction are outlined. The SGLT family of electrogenic transporters and the monocarboxylate and fatty acid transporters are also presented. Classified transport activities of the various amino acid-transporting systems found in the plasma membrane of mammalian cells and cDNAs that encode the proteins mediating this activity are summarized. The transport pathways for water are discussed and the mammalian vitamin transporters in plasma cell membranes and their proposed mode of action are described.

Short-chain fatty acids reprogram metabolic profiles with the induction of reactive oxygen species production in human colorectal adenocarcinoma cells

“…A previous report demonstrated that overexpression of most fatty acid transporters promotes CoA activity by two- to five-fold [38] . Consistently, our study also showed that SCFAs treatment resulted in significantly elevated expression of genes in the CoA-related pathway, including HMGCLL1 , HMGCS2 , CPT1A (β-oxidation), ECI2 , CRAT, and ACSF2 ( Fig.…”