Molecular phylogeography of white‐lipped tree viper (Trimeresurus; Viperidae)

Abstract

2016). Molecular phylogeography of white-lipped tree viper (Trimeresurus; Viperidae). -Zoologica Scripta, 45, 252-262.The white-lipped tree viper (Trimeresurus albolabris) is one of the most common venomous snakes with medicine importance in South East Asia. To explore the genetic diversity, population structure and evolutionary history of Trimeresurus albolabris, we collected 98 samples from 27 localities covering its entire distribution. Two mitochondrial gene fragments (cyt-b and ND-4) and two nuclear genes (RAG-1 and NT-3) were sequenced and analysed. Bayesian inference and maximum-likelihood methods were employed to reconstruct the phylogenetic relationships among populations based on the two mitochondrial fragments, and the median-joining networks were depicted using nuclear genes. Divergence date and ancestral area were estimated, and the population demographic history was inferred. Both phylogenetic analyses consistently uncovered that Trimeresurus albolabris was monophyletics, with five geographically structured lineages. Divergence date and ancestral area estimation indicated that T. albolabris originated in northern Thailand and eastern Myanmar at c. 7.15 Ma. Population dynamics analyses showed the southern China lineage has experienced population expansion and contraction, but the others have not. Both the interglacial expansion and the highly heterogeneous habitats resulting from the uplift of the Plateau played a joint role in shaping the present distribution and population structure. The evolutionary history of T. albolabris can be explained by a pattern of two direction dispersal: first from North to South, and then from West to East.

Complex longitudinal diversification across South China and Vietnam in Stejneger's pit viper, Viridovipera stejnegeri (Schmidt, 1925) (Reptilia: Serpentes: Viperidae)

“…; Zhu et al . ). However, our current knowledge of Asian biogeography lags behind that of other regions, such as Europe and the Americas (e.g.…”

“…Undoubtedly, the associated geographic events would have generated highly variable habitats, heterogeneous environments and new climatic regimes, which may have served as the major processes for severing connections between populations and, importantly for biodiversity, modifying and influencing patterns of speciation (Che et al 2010;Guo et al 2011;Yan et al 2013). Thus, eastern and southeastern Asia is a regionally important area for testing the effects of geographical change on evolutionary processes (Che et al 2010;Guo et al 2011;Yan et al 2013;Zhu et al 2016). However, our current knowledge of Asian biogeography lags behind that of other regions, such as Europe and the Americas (e.g.…”

Multilocus phylogeography of the brown-spotted pitviper Protobothrops mucrosquamatus (Reptilia: Serpentes: Viperidae) sheds a new light on the diversification pattern in Asia

“…Himalayan, Indo-Burman, and the Mountains of Southwest China (CEPF, 2017). This region, which exhibits extremely complex topography and varied climate, harbors rich biodiversity, and is an ideal setting for investigating species diversification and biogeographic pattern of organisms (Che et al, 2010;Zhou et al, 2013;Guo et al, 2011Guo et al, , 2016Zhu et al, 2016). Due to their limited dispersal ability and sensitivity to climatic fluctuations (being heterothermic), snakes are an ideal model to examine the influence of climate oscillations and geological events on population structure, genetic diversity, and evolutionary history (Guiher and Burbrink, 2008;Ursenbacher et al, 2008;Pyron and Burbrink, 2009;Fijarczyk et al, 2011;Zhu et al, 2016).…”

Transoceanic Disperse of the White-lipped Island Pit Viper (Cryptelytrops insularis; Kramer,1997) from Sundaland to Lesser Sunda, Indonesia

“…Cryptelytrops insularis divergence around 8.5 million years ago (mya), (ii). Cryptelytrops albolabris divergence around 7.15 mya [26]. For the alpha parameter used is gamma distribution; Initial value/shape=0.6583), and for the Pinvariable the parameter used is lognormal distribution with Initial value/mean=0.6583, stdev=0.32915) then using 200.000.000 chain length.…”

“…The analysis was conducted at all individuals which belong to Cryptelytrops insularis (22 individuals). The parameter for the tree prior was used the Coalescent; Bayesian Skyline, and for the time calibration used was 7.15 mya for C. insularis [26]. The BEAST file was double generated in ISSN.…”