Molecular phylogeny of Trypanosoma cruzi from Central America (Guatemala) and a comparison with South American strains

Iwagami, Moritoshi; Higo, Hiroo; Miura, Sachio; Yanagi, Tetsuo; Tada, Isao; Kano, Shigeyuki; Agatsuma, Takeshi

doi:10.1007/s00436-007-0739-9

Cited by 14 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…These data support results of investigations in Central America and Mexico in which a paucity of genotypes was found (14,15). Many investigations on T. cruzi evolutionary ecology have shown strict host-parasite specifi city in regard to host species and parasite genotype (2-4), although exceptions have been observed.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

Molecular Typing ofTrypanosoma cruziIsolates, United States

Roellig

Brown

Barnabé

et al. 2008

Emerg. Infect. Dis.

111

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

Molecular Typing ofTrypanosoma cruziIsolates, United States

Roellig

Brown

Barnabé

et al. 2008

Emerg. Infect. Dis.

111

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“…In North America, both of these DTUs were reported in Mexico in several publications [29, 30, 33, 34], but for the moment only TcIV has been identified in the US [24, 31, 35, 36]. In Central America, only TcIV has been identified in Guatemala in humans and vectors [37, 38]. In other Central American countries, neither TcIII nor TcIV has been reported.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…robustus in the Brazilian Amazon and R . prolixus in Colombia [24, 39], Venezuela [47] and Guatemala [37]. TcII was identified in only three R .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Over Six Thousand Trypanosoma cruzi Strains Classified into Discrete Typing Units (DTUs): Attempt at an Inventory

2016

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Trypanosoma cruzi, the causative agent of Chagas disease, presents wide genetic diversity. Currently, six discrete typing units (DTUs), named TcI to TcVI, and a seventh one called TcBat are used for strain typing. Beyond the debate concerning this classification, this systematic review has attempted to provide an inventory by compiling the results of 137 articles that have used it. A total of 6,343 DTU identifications were analyzed according to the geographical and host origins. Ninety-one percent of the data available is linked to South America. This sample, although not free of potential bias, nevertheless provides today’s picture of T. cruzi genetic diversity that is closest to reality. DTUs were genotyped from 158 species, including 42 vector species. Remarkably, TcI predominated in the overall sample (around 60%), in both sylvatic and domestic cycles. This DTU known to present a high genetic diversity, is very widely distributed geographically, compatible with a long-term evolution. The marsupial is thought to be its most ancestral host and the Gran Chaco region the place of its putative origin. TcII was rarely sampled (9.6%), absent, or extremely rare in North and Central America, and more frequently identified in domestic cycles than in sylvatic cycles. It has a low genetic diversity and has probably found refuge in some mammal species. It is thought to originate in the south-Amazon area. TcIII and TcIV were also rarely sampled. They showed substantial genetic diversity and are thought to be composed of possible polyphyletic subgroups. Even if they are mostly associated with sylvatic transmission cycles, a total of 150 human infections with these DTUs have been reported. TcV and TcVI are clearly associated with domestic transmission cycles. Less than 10% of these DTUs were identified together in sylvatic hosts. They are thought to originate in the Gran Chaco region, where they are predominant and where putative parents exist (TcII and TcIII). Trends in host-DTU specificities exist, but generally it seems that the complexity of the cycles and the participation of numerous vectors and mammal hosts in a shared area, maintains DTU diversity.

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“…are common reservoirs for this lineage, although natural infection with TcI has been reported in a wide range of mammals. TcI is the only lineage reported from humans in North and Central America and the predominant lineage reported in human Chagas' disease in areas of South America north of the Amazon Basin (40,139,239,258).…”

Section: General Molecular Epidemiologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Trypanosoma cruzi and Chagas' Disease in the United States

et al. 2011

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SUMMARY Chagas' disease is caused by the protozoan parasite Trypanosoma cruzi and causes potentially life-threatening disease of the heart and gastrointestinal tract. The southern half of the United States contains enzootic cycles of T. cruzi , involving 11 recognized triatomine vector species. The greatest vector diversity and density occur in the western United States, where woodrats are the most common reservoir; other rodents, raccoons, skunks, and coyotes are also infected with T. cruzi. In the eastern United States, the prevalence of T. cruzi is highest in raccoons, opossums, armadillos, and skunks. A total of 7 autochthonous vector-borne human infections have been reported in Texas, California, Tennessee, and Louisiana; many others are thought to go unrecognized. Nevertheless, most T. cruzi -infected individuals in the United States are immigrants from areas of endemicity in Latin America. Seven transfusion-associated and 6 organ donor-derived T. cruzi infections have been documented in the United States and Canada. As improved control of vector- and blood-borne T. cruzi transmission decreases the burden in countries where the disease is historically endemic and imported Chagas' disease is increasingly recognized outside Latin America, the United States can play an important role in addressing the altered epidemiology of Chagas' disease in the 21st century.

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Molecular phylogeny of Trypanosoma cruzi from Central America (Guatemala) and a comparison with South American strains

Cited by 14 publications

References 33 publications

Molecular Typing ofTrypanosoma cruziIsolates, United States

Molecular Typing ofTrypanosoma cruziIsolates, United States

Over Six Thousand Trypanosoma cruzi Strains Classified into Discrete Typing Units (DTUs): Attempt at an Inventory

Trypanosoma cruzi and Chagas' Disease in the United States

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