Molecular phylogeny of the Hydroscaphidae (Coleoptera: Myxophaga) with description of a remarkable new lineage from the Guiana Shield

Abstract

The phylogeny of the aquatic beetle family Hydroscaphidae is inferred from one mitochondrial (COI) and five nuclear (18S, 28S, wingless, arginine kinase and CAD) genes. Bayesian, maximum likelihood and maximum parsimony analyses were conducted on a combined dataset that included representatives from all three described hydroscaphid genera, three new species of the family of uncertain placement, and representatives from the myxophagan families Sphaeriusidae, Torridincolidae and Lepiceridae. All analyses strongly supported a set of nearly identical trees in which (i) the monophyly of Hydroscaphidae and all its constituent genera is affirmed, (ii) the nearly cosmopolitan genus Hydroscapha is sister to the remaining and exclusively Neotropical genera, and (iii) the new, morphologically aberrant taxa from the Guiana Shield form a monophylum separate from any described genus. Here, we review each genus of the family including the description of Confossa Short, Joly, García & Maddison gen.n. to accommodate three new species: C. sculptura sp.n., C. falcata sp.n. and C. minima sp.n. The new genus possesses a remarkable perforated abdominal surface that we hypothesize serves as a respiratory plastron. We also present a key to the genera and a catalogue of species of the family.

Systematics of aquatic beetles (Coleoptera): current state and future directions

“…That changed with the discovery of two previously unrecognised beetle families from seeps, namely Aspidytidae from South Africa and China (Ribera et al, 2002a;Balke et al, 2005), and Meruidae from Venezuela (Spangler & Steiner, 2005). Since then, the first hygropetric representatives of Lutrochidae (Maier & Short, 2013) and Noteridae (Miller, 2009) Short et al, 2015). In addition, hygropetric lineages known from few taxa have been found to be substantially underdescribed (e.g.…”

“…Fontidessus Miller & Spangler 2008, Spanglerodessus Miller & García 2011, Petrodessus Miller, 2012, Hydrophilidae (e.g. Tobochares Short & García 2007, Radicitus Short & García 2014 and Hydroscaphidae (Confossa, Short et al, 2015). In addition, hygropetric lineages known from few taxa have been found to be substantially underdescribed (e.g.…”

“…Most morphology-based studies in the last 10 years suggest Gryinidae Beutel et al (1999) Morphology (I) Myxophaga Beutel (1999) Morphology (A + I) Myxophaga (Lepicerus) Short et al (2015) Molecular (6 genes) Hydroscaphidae Hydradephaga (selected) Beutel & Roughley (1988) Morphology (A + I) Hydradephaga (Gyrinidae focused) Ribera et al (2002a) Molecular (1 gene) Adephaga Ribera et al (2002b) Molecular (3 genes) Hydradephaga (Aspidytidae focused) Morphology (I) Hydradephaga (Hygrobiia focused) Balke et al (2005) Molecular (6 genes) + Morphology (A + I) Dytiscoidea Beutel et al (2008) Morphology (A + I) Adephaga Alarie et al (2011a) Morphology (I) Hydradephaga (Meru focused) Toussaint et al (2016b) Molecular (11 genes) Dytiscoidea López-López & Vogler (2017) Phylogenomics (Mitogenomes) Adephaga Baca et al (2017b) Phylogenomics (UCEs) Adephaga Noteridae + Meruidae Beutel & Roughley (1987) Morphology (A) Noteridae Belkaceme (1991) Morphology (A) Noteridae Beutel et al (2006) Morphology (A + I) Noteridae + Meruidae Balke et al (2008b) Molecular (6 genes) Noteridae + Meruidae Miller (2009) Morphology (A) Noteridae Kato et al (2010) Molecular (6 genes) Noteridae (Phreatodytes) Dressler et al (2011) Morphology (A + I) Noteridae + Meruidae Gómez & Miller (2013) Morphology (A) Noteridae (Prionohydrus) Baca et al (2017a) Molecular (5 genes) Noteridae Haliplidae Beutel & Ruhnau (1990) Morphology (A) Haliplidae Mousseau & Roughley (2007) Morphology (A + I) Brychius Hygrobiidae Morphology (I) Hygrobiidae Hawlitschek et al (2012a) Molecular (5 genes) Hygrobiidae Michat et al (2014) Morphology (A + I) Hygrobiidae Gyrinidae Beutel (1989a) Morphology (A: head) Gyrinidae (Spanglerogyrus) Beutel (1989b) Morphology (A) Gyrinidae (Spanglerogyrus) Beutel (1990) Morphology (A: thorax) Gyrinidae Burmeister (1990) Morphology (A) Gyrinidae (Spanglerogyrus) Oygur & Wolfe (1991) Morphology (A) Gyrin...…”

Cephalic anatomy of Sphaeriusidae and a morphology‐based phylogeny of the suborder Myxophaga (Coleoptera)

“…However, it was strongly modified in terms of characters (and taxon sampling) and extensive new data were incorporated in the matrix, based on the results presented here and more recent studies (e.g. Beutel, ; Beutel & Haas, ; Anton & Beutel, ; Hájek & Fikáček, ; Lawrence et al ., , ; Short et al ., ). The phylogenetic results are discussed with respect to character evolution and recent results of molecular investigations.…”

Advances in aquatic insect systematics and biodiversity in the Neotropics: introduction

“…The taxonomic, phylogenetic and distributional status of many Neotropical aquaticinsect groups is increasingly improving (e.g., Parfin and Gurney 1956;Penny 1981Penny , 2002Hogue and Bedoya-Ortiz 1989;Contreras-Ramos 1998, 2005; Flint, Holzenthal, and Harris 1999 ;Costa 2000;F€ orster 2001;Heckman 2002Heckman , 2008Dom ınguez, Molineri, Pescador, Hubbard, and Nieto 2006;Miller and Spangler 2008;de Souza Amorim 2009;Stark, Froehlich, and Z uñiga 2009;Vidotto-Magnoni and Carvalho 2009;Froehlich 2010;Garrison, von Ellenrieder, and Louton 2010;Megna and Epler 2012;Miller and Montano 2014;Short and Garc ıa 2014;Liu, Hayashi, and Yang 2015;Short et al 2015;Toledo and Michat 2015;Toussaint and Short 2016;Short, Cole, and Toussaint 2017). We do not attempt to list all published papers on individual aquatic insect taxa here because doing so would be impractical.…”