Molecular phylogeny of the fungi of the Iceman's grass clothing

Rollo, Franco; Sassaroli, Stefano; Ubaldi, Massimo

doi:10.1007/bf00309789

Cited by 35 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…These bands were purified from the gels and sequenced. A BLAST search (Altschul et al 1990) of GenBank using the 540-bp sequence revealed a close match with that of an ITS1-5.8S rRNA-ITS2 sequence from fungal clone T2709 (Rollo et al 1995) recovered from the clothing of The Iceman ''Ö tzi'' discovered near the Hauslabjoch formation in the Ö tztal Alps in 1991, and dated to 3350-3300 B.C. The alignment between T2709 (GenBank accession number X88771) and our Abydos 540-bp product (Ab540) is shown in Fig.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 87%

Evidence for S. cerevisiae Fermentation in Ancient Wine

Cavalieri

McGovern

Hartl

et al. 2003

Journal of Molecular Evolution

213

116

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Abstract. Saccharomyces cerevisiae is the principal yeast used in modern fermentation processes, including winemaking, breadmaking, and brewing. From residue present inside one of the earliest known wine jars from Egypt, we have extracted, amplified, and sequenced ribosomal DNA from S. cerevisiae. These results indicate that this organism was probably responsible for wine fermentation by at least 3150 B.C. This inference has major implications for the evolution of bread and beer yeasts, since it suggests that S. cerevisiae yeast, which occurs naturally on the surface bloom of grapes, was also used as an inoculum to ferment cereal products.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 87%

Evidence for S. cerevisiae Fermentation in Ancient Wine

Cavalieri

McGovern

Hartl

et al. 2003

Journal of Molecular Evolution

213

116

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“…Molecular techniques are commonly used to solve problems in fungal taxonomy (Takamatsu, 1998 ;Ranghoo et al, 1999) and in several recent studies have also been used in the identification of fungi (Rollo et al, 1995 ;Ma et al, 1997 ;Zhang et al, 1997). The basic aim of the present study is to identify as many endophytes as possible from a limited number of palm fronds using traditional morphological techniques and molecular techniques.…”

Section: mentioning

confidence: 98%

Identification of endophytic fungi from Livistona chinensis based on morphology and rDNA sequences

2000

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A survey of the endophytic fungi in fronds of Livistona chinensis was carried out in Hong Kong. The endophyte assemblages identified using morphological characters consisted of 16 named species and 19 ' morphospecies ', the latter grouped based on cultural morphology and growth rates. Arrangement of taxa into morphospecies does not reflect species phylogeny, and therefore selected morphospecies were further identified based on ribosomal DNA (rDNA) sequence analysis. The 5n8S gene and flanking internal transcribed spacers (ITS1 and ITS2) regions of rDNA from 19 representative morphospecies were amplified by the polymerase chain reaction and sequenced. Phylogenetic analysis based on 5n8S gene sequences showed that these morphospecies were filamentous Ascomycota, belonging in the Loculoascomycetes and Pyrenomycetes. Further identification was conducted by means of sequence comparison and phylogenetic analysis of both the ITS and 5n8S regions. Results showed that MS704 belonged to the genus Diaporthe and its anamorph Phomopsis of the Valsaceae. MS594 was inferred to be Mycosphaerella and its anamorph Cladosporium of the Mycosphaerellaceae. MS339, MS366, MS370, MS395, MS1033, MS1083 and MS1092 were placed in the genus Xylaria of the Xylariaceae. MS194, MS375 and MS1028 were close to the Clypeosphaeriaceae. MS191 and MS316 were closely related to the Pleosporaceae within the Dothideales. The other 5 morphospecies, MS786, MS1043, MS1065, MS1076 and MS1095, probably belong in the Xylariales. The value of using DNA sequence analysis in the identification of endophytes is discussed.

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“…X88773) and T44NS-4 (GenBank accession No. X88772) associated with the grass clothing of the Tyrolean Iceman (Rollo et al 1995 e Method 1, CTAB buffer extraction with isopropyl precipitation; method 2, guanidium isothiocyanate buffer extraction with glassmilk precipitation; method 3, CTAB buffer extraction with glassmilk precipitation. Table 1.…”

Section: Sequence Alignment and Phylogenetic Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Sequences of psychrophilic fungi amplified from glacier-preserved ascolichens

DePriest¹,

Ivanova²,

Fahselt³

et al. 2000

Can. J. Bot.

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Ribosomal DNA sequences were amplified from subfossils of the ascolichen Umbilicaria cylindrica (L.) Delise ex Duby collected at the ablating edges of Greenland glaciers. Surprisingly, phylogenetic analysis indicated that the amplified rDNA sequences were not closely related to those of the lichen-forming fungus but rather represented two groups of psychrophilic basidiomycetes (orders Cystofilobasidiales and Sporidiales) and one group of ascomycetes (order Leotiales). Two of these groups, the Sporidiales and the Leotiales, include other fungi previously detected in DNA extracted from the grass clothing of the Tyrolean Iceman desiccated and frozen for over 3000 years and also in 2000-and 4000-year-old ice core samples from northern Greenland. Large subunit ribosomal DNA sequences representing the group Cystofilobasidiales were nearly identical to those of the basidioyeast saprobe Mrakia frigida. The adjacent internal transcribed spacer sequence was more than 98% similar to those from three samples of U. cylindrica from different sites that had been subjected to ice burial for various lengths of time, suggesting they also were Mrakia sequences. Although ancient contamination of multiple U. cylindrica specimens with fungi such as Mrakia cannot be ruled out, it is more probable that saprobic colonization of the subfossil tissues by psychrophilic fungi proceeded during recent ice melt.Key words: ancient DNA, small subunit ribosomal DNA, 18S ribosomal DNA, phylogenetic analysis, psychrophilic fungi, lichen-forming fungi.Résumé : Les auteurs ont amplifié les séquences de l'ADN ribosomal provenant de subfossiles de l'ascolichen, Umbilicaria cylindrica (L.) Delise ex Duby, récoltés sur les marges d'ablation de glaciers, au Groenland. De façon surprenante, les analyses phylogénétiques indiquent que les séquences de rADN amplifiées ne sont pas étroitement apparentées avec celles du champignon formant ce lichen, mais représente plutôt deux groupes de champignons basidiomycètes psychrophiles (ordre des Cystofilobasidiales et des Sporidiales) et un groupe d'ascomycètes (ordre des Léo-tiales). Deux de ces groupes, les Sporidiales et les Léotiales, incluent d'autres champignons préalablement décelés dans l'ADN extrait des habits constitués d'herbes portés par l'homme des glaces Tyroléen desséché et congelé depuis plus de 3000 ans, ainsi que de carottes de glaces âgée de 2000 et 4000 ans, échantillonnées au nord du Groenland. Les grandes sous-unités des séquences d'ADN représentant le groupe des Cystofilobasidiales sont presqu'identiques à celles de la basidiolevure saprophyte, le Mrakia frigida. La séquence de l'espaceur interne transcrit adjacent ressemble à plus de 98% à celles provenant de trois échantillons de l'U. cylindrica récoltés sur différents sites ayant été soumis au recouvrement par la glace pendant différentes périodes de temps, ce qui suggère qu'il s'agirait également de séquences du Mrakia. Bien qu'on ne puisse exclure la possibilité de contamination des spécimens multiples de l'U. cylindrica par des c...

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Molecular phylogeny of the fungi of the Iceman's grass clothing

Cited by 35 publications

References 34 publications

Evidence for S. cerevisiae Fermentation in Ancient Wine

Evidence for S. cerevisiae Fermentation in Ancient Wine

Identification of endophytic fungi from Livistona chinensis based on morphology and rDNA sequences

Sequences of psychrophilic fungi amplified from glacier-preserved ascolichens

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