Molecular phylogeny of interstitial Polycopidae ostracods (Crustacea) and descriptions of a new genus and four new species

Abstract

Family Polycopidae is one of the more abundant and diverse taxa occurring in marine interstitial environments. Most of the interstitial polycopids are so far known from Japan and belong to the genus Parapolycope Klie, 1936. In this paper we describe another four new species from Japan. A new genus, Kliecope gen. nov. is erected to include one new species Kliecope mihoensis sp. nov. and one new combination Kliecope oligohalina (Tanaka & Tsukagoshi, 2010) comb. nov. Although the morphology of Kliecope is similar to Parapolycope, the new genus has the following diagnostic characters: absence of an inward bulge on the antennular second podomere, presence of two setae bearing a sucker on the antennular third podomere, and absence of a dorsal seta on the basis of mandibula. Another three Parapolycope, Parapolycope setouchiensis sp. nov., Parapolycope subtidalis sp. nov., and Parapolycope miurensis sp. nov. are described as well. To test the phylogenetic relationship between the new genus and Parapolycope, we performed phylogenetic analyses based on the 14 18S rDNA sequences of interstitial Polycopidae species, 12 of which were newly obtained from our material. The 18S gene proved to be suitable for phylogenetic analyses in polycopids with high intraspecific or intrageneric resolution. Here we present trees obtained with maximum likelihood, maximum parsimony, and neighbour‐joining methods, and they support the divergence between Kliecope and Parapolycope with high bootstrap values. © 2014 The Linnean Society of London

Two new xylophile cytheroid ostracods (Crustacea) from Kuril-Kamchatka Trench, with remarks on the systematics and phylogeny of the family Keysercytheridae, Limnocytheridae, and Paradoxostomatidae

“…Pham et al (2020) provided an overview of intrageneric and intrafamily distance of several genetic markers, including 18S rRNA for the entire ostracod subclass Myodocopa. They confirm that this gene varies greatly, depending on the taxon in question, but in some genera of the family Polycopidae between species distances are unusually high (see also Tanaka et al 2014). Despite some cavities that one-gene phylogeny or incongruence between lineages in 18S phylogenetic signals may cause, our results offer a degree of clarification of the problematic systematics of some cytheroids families.…”

“…However, this marker cannot resolve nodes at all taxonomic levels and its efficacy varies considerably among clades, which is interpreted as an effect of rapid ancient radiation within short periods (Meyer et al 2010). In ostracods this marker alone or in combination with other markers is also commonly used for inferring phylogenetic relationships between ostracod subclasses (Yamaguchi and Endo 2003;Tinn and Oakley 2008), families (Hiruta et al 2016), or some of the lower systematic units (Tanaka et al 2014;Karanovic and Sitnikova 2017). Pham et al (2020) provided an overview of intrageneric and intrafamily distance of several genetic markers, including 18S rRNA for the entire ostracod subclass Myodocopa.…”

Morphological and molecular diversity of Lake Baikal candonid ostracods, with description of a new genus

“…Molecular diversity of gene markers commonly used for resolving higher phylogenetic relationships (18S and 28S) is relatively small between Baikal candonids and their closest relatives, in comparison to other ostracod lineages. For example, in the family Cyprididae , distances between 18S sequences vary from 2% (within genus) to 11% (between genera) (Kong et al 2014); while in Polycopidae the same marker has approximately 3% intragenic and 10% intergeneric variability ( Tanaka et al 2014 ; Karanovic et al 2016 ). The distances between COI sequences of the four Baikal candonids are within the range of those observed for other ostracods and crustaceans in general ( Lefébure et al 2006 ; Schön and Martens 2012 ; Schön et al 2015 , 2017 ).…”

Two New Species of <i>Microloxoconcha</i> (Crustacea: Ostracoda) from the Sublittoral Zone in Western Japan

“…Living specimens of ostracods were extracted from the remaining deposits under a binocular stereo-microscope (OLYMPUS SZ60). The collected specimens were fixed and preserved in 80% ethanol at room Kanogawa Rivermouth, Numazu, Shizuoka 35°04′52″N, 138°51′33″E Kliecope mihoensis Karanovic, 2014 Miho-masaki Beach, Shizuoka 35°01′15″N, 138°30′58″E Tanaka et al (2014) Parapolycope japonica (Hiruta, 1983) Mukaishima, Onomichi, Hiroshima 34°21′54″N, 133°12′57″E Hiruta (1983), this study*** Parapolycope digitolabrum Hiruta, 2010 Ohura Beach, Shimoda, Shizuoka 34°40′03″N, 138°56′28″E Tanaka et al (2010) Parapolycope spiralis Miho-masaki Beach, Shizuoka 35°01′13″N, 138°31′20″E Parapolycope psittacina Tanaka and Tsukagoshi, 2013 Orange Beach, Ito, Shizuoka 34°97′52″N, 139°09′70″E Tanaka and Tsukagoshi (2013a) Parapolycope uncata Tanaka andTsukagoshi, 2013 Koajiro Beach, Ito, Shizuoka 34°57′15″N, 139°08′31″E Tanaka andTsukagoshi (2013a) Parapolycope watanabei Miho-masaki Beach, Shizuoka 35°01′15″N, 138°30′58″E Parapolycope widoensis Karanovic, Tanaka, and Tsukagoshi, 2016 Wido Island, South Korea* 35°35′05″N, 126°15′12″E Karanovic et al (2016) Parapolycope miurensis Karanovic, 2014 Maguchi Beach, Miura, Kanagawa 35°08′45″N, 139°40′48″E Tanaka et al (2014) Parapolycope setouchiensis Tanaka, Tsukagoshi, and Karanovic, 2014 Kitagi island Beach, Kasaoka, Okayama 34°22′29″N, 133°31′54″E Parapolycope subtidalis…”