Molecular Phylogeny of Entomopathogens

Gani, Mudasir; Hassan, Taskeena; Saini, Pawan; Gupta, Rakesh Kumar; Bali, Kamlesh

doi:10.1007/978-3-030-23045-6_3

Cited by 7 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 252 publications

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“…The initial rma.mv model included four random effects: average infection time in days before disease incidence was calculated, the between‐study effect (variation among effect sizes from different studies), the within‐study effect (variation among effect sizes from the same study), and a phylo variable calculated using a family‐level phylogeny of angiosperms (Qian and Zhang 2014). We were unable to examine the effect of phylogeny in the pathogen column due to the diversity of included organisms as well as the lack of robust phylogenies for pathogens like fungi, bacteria and viruses (Gani et al 2019). It also included six categorical moderator variables: different diploids (to account for effect sizes from the same publication comparing different sets of polyploids to the same set of diploids), ploidy level (triploid, tetraploid, etc.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Differences in pathogen resistance between diploid and polyploid plants: a systematic review and meta‐analysis

Hagen,

Mason

2023

Oikos

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Polyploidy, the state of having more than two full sets of chromosomes, has been hypothesized to provide several evolutionary advantages to flowering plants including increased ability to resist pathogens and parasites. However, studies comparing pathogen resistance in conspecific and congeneric diploids and polyploids have produced mixed results. While the supposed relationship between polyploidy and pathogen resistance has been commented on in several narrative reviews, it has never been subjected to a systematic meta‐analysis. We examined the effect of polyploidy on pathogen resistance by synthesizing 214 effect sizes from 128 studies. We find that, overall, there is no consistent effect of polyploidy on pathogen resistance. Subgroup analyses suggest that polyploids perform significantly better than diploids only in resisting hemibiotrophic pathogens, and autopolyploids tend show greater resistance than allopolyploids. This is surprising given the fact that polyploids possess extra allele copies of R‐gene alleles that provide resistance to biotrophic pathogens, and this pattern may indicate that signaling cascades needed to elicit hypersensitive responses are disrupted by polyploidy. Disruption is supported by the observation that, across all pathogens, autopolyploids show significantly greater resistance compared to diploids, whereas allopolyploids do not. This is corroborated by the observation that synthetic autopolyploids perform significantly better than their allopolyploid and established counterparts. Regarding pathogen type, diploids show greater resistance than polyploids to pathogens that are fungi or nematodes. Analyses of publication bias indicate little to no bias, and analyses of heterogeneity indicate that phylogeny explains almost none of the observed heterogeneity. These results underscore the importance of not only systematic review but also the strong degree to which the effects of polyploidy depend on ecological context.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Differences in pathogen resistance between diploid and polyploid plants: a systematic review and meta‐analysis

Hagen,

Mason

2023

Oikos

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“…Oomycetes have also been found to infect non-dipteran insects; for example Crypticola entomophaga has been observed to attack aquatic insects from the order Trichoptera (caddis flies; Dick 2003;Gani et al 2019).…”

Section: Oomycotamentioning

confidence: 99%

Fungi of entomopathogenic potential in Chytridiomycota and Blastocladiomycota, and in fungal allies of the Oomycota and Microsporidia

Kaczmarek

Boguś

2021

IMA Fungus

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The relationship between entomopathogenic fungi and their insect hosts is a classic example of the co-evolutionary arms race between pathogen and target host. The present review describes the entomopathogenic potential of Chytridiomycota and Blastocladiomycota fungi, and two groups of fungal allies: Oomycota and Microsporidia. The Oomycota (water moulds) are considered as a model biological control agent of mosquito larvae. Due to their shared ecological and morphological similarities, they had long been considered a part of the fungal kingdom; however, phylogenetic studies have since placed this group within the Straminipila. The Microsporidia are parasites of economically-important insects, including grasshoppers, lady beetles, bumblebees, colorado potato beetles and honeybees. They have been found to display some fungal characteristics, and phylogenetic studies suggest that they are related to fungi, either as a basal branch or sister group. The Blastocladiomycota and Chytridiomycota, named the lower fungi, historically were described together; however, molecular phylogenetic and ultrastructural research has classified them in their own phylum. They are considered parasites of ants, and of the larval stages of black flies, mosquitoes and scale insects.

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“…Cypovirus1 was collected from living and dead stem and cob borer larvae and pupae and examined by electron microscopy showed that particles of Cypovirus1 are shaped icosahedral, which belong to Reoviridae. Cyoovirus1 has a single-shelled capsid [10][11][12][13]. The Cypovirus1 infects the insect larvae of stored grain pests four days after inoculation with the Cypovirus1, causing chronic larvae disease and less-lethal chemical insecticides.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biological Control Against Four-Stored Product Beetles Pests by Using Cytoplasmic Polyhedrosis Virus (Cypovirus1)

AL-Jaddawi¹,

Elbeshehy²,

Alkenani³

et al. 2021

Int j pharm phytopharm res

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The rice weevils, tobacco beetle, drug beetle, and Darkling beetle were collected from different locations in Mecca regions, KSA. The four different larvae attack stored products cause economic losses by incredible damage and post-harvest. This investigation was Carrie out to identify characters these insects include. In addition, Cypovirus1 was isolated and collected from living and dead stem and cob borer larvae and pupae from Maize in farmers' fields at Mecca regions, KSA. Samples have chronic diseases were tested by indirect ELISA (The enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay) and confirmed by TEM (Transmission electron microscopy) showing inclusion bodies demonstrated that the occlusion bodies were of irregular shape and ranged from 2.2 to 4.9 µm in diameter. On the other hand, we are studying the effects of different concentrations of a new Biocomponent of Cypovirus1 infection on the rice weevil adults, tobacco beetle, bread beetle, and darkling beetle larvae study their impact on the rates and severity of the infection. Also, the SDS-PAGE (Sodium dodecyl sulfatepolyacrylamide gel electrophoresis) test for showing various distinguishable sole bands in infected adults comparing with non-infected.

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Molecular Phylogeny of Entomopathogens

Cited by 7 publications

References 252 publications

Differences in pathogen resistance between diploid and polyploid plants: a systematic review and meta‐analysis

Differences in pathogen resistance between diploid and polyploid plants: a systematic review and meta‐analysis

Fungi of entomopathogenic potential in Chytridiomycota and Blastocladiomycota, and in fungal allies of the Oomycota and Microsporidia

Biological Control Against Four-Stored Product Beetles Pests by Using Cytoplasmic Polyhedrosis Virus (Cypovirus1)

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